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Romanticism In Washington Irving's The Devil And Tom Walker

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Romanticism
As Americans evolved from Classicism to Romanticism there was much change, especially in literature. Classicism prioritized the idea of reason and valued “clarity, order, and balance” (Hodgins, 119). In contrast, Romanticism emphasized “importance upon the emotions and upon the individual” (Hodgins, 119). Early American Romanticists shared several central attitudes and ideas, including a concern with the “deeper” aspects of the human psychology that lie beyond rational awareness, and a tendency to value individualism over all social forms or systems.
During the late eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin was one of the intelligent fellows who blended classicism with romanticism. As he tried to accomplish moral perfection he documented his tactics and his results in The Autobiography. Franklin described this task as “an arduous project” and brought two polar aspects of life, morals and science, together to try and reach the pinnacle of morality through the creation …show more content…

Tom Walker’s wife is described as “a tall termagant, fierce of temper, loud of tongue, and strong of arm”, creating a clear idea that she is a callous, cruel creature (Irving, 128). There was a humorous tone because of the role reversal with domestic violence. Women usually are the culprit of mental and physical maltreatment but, in this situation the female (Tom’s wife) took the masculine role and “[sometimes showed signs that [the] conflicts were not [always] confined to words” (Irving, 128). Usually when referencing abuse it is taken seriously. However, in this situation it was supposed to be interpreted as comical. In order to present an incongruous humorous tone like Washington Irving did, he needed to think outside the box using his individuality, leaving behind any “literary standards … regarded as universally valid” (Hodgins,

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Washington Irving, an 18th century author, wrote a short story based on the legend of Faust which he named “The Devil and Tom Walker”. In “The Devil and Tom Walker” Washington Irving uses imagery to establish mood. First, when Tom Walker takes a shortcut home through a swamp, Irving describes the swamp as follows “The swamp was was thickly grown with great gloomy pines and hemlocks, some of them ninety feet high, which made it dark at noonday, and a retreat for all the owls of the neighborhood. It was full of pits and quagmires, partly covered with weeds and mosses, where the green surface often betrayed the traveler into a gulf of black, smothering mud; there were also dark and stagnant pools, the abodes of the tadpole, the bullfrog, and the watersnake; where the trunks of pines and hemlocks lay half-drowned, half-rotting, looking like alligators sleeping in the mire.

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Walker is another archetype of vile human traits. Mrs. Walker archetype is also greed. The narrator introduces, “whatever the woman could lay hands on she hid away…” (Irving online). The author describes Mrs. Walker as a greedy woman who takes anything she finds for herself.

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Romanticism is a type of story that finds inspiration in myth, legend, and folk culture. Following this principle, Washington Irving has written many stories about romanticism. These stories include, “The Devil and Tom Walker” and “Rip Van Winkle. Irving’s stories, “The Devil and Tom Walker, and “Rip Van Winkle” both show traits of romanticism because they both include the supernatural realm, youthful innocence over sophistication, shunning civilization, and folk culture.

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Mrs. Walker’s abuse of her husband is only one facet of her twisted psyche. Washington Irving’s tale, “The Devil and Tom Walker,” satirically criticizes the people of 1720s Boston for their greed through characters such as Mrs. Walker. Because her motivation is control, Mrs. Walker’s psychological state is abusive and her actions result in her death. Mrs. Walker’s violent tendencies often victimize Tom and expose her as an abusive character. Irving writes (2010), “Her voice was often heard in wordy warfare with her husband; and his face sometimes showed signs that their conflicts were not confined to words.”

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American Romanticism were mostly written during the 1800’s. The use of American Romanticism was to get readers to read. The authors would exaggerate stories to get them attached and start reading them. American Romanticism were stories that were mostly gothic or dark stories. The death of a protagonist is usually over exaggerated.

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In the short folktale story “The Devil and Tom Walker” by Washington Irving shows different forms of archetypal behavior like greed, selfishness, and evil. Tom Walker and his wife were quite alike with a few differences. Tom Walker and his wife do not have the typical relationship. They cheat each other whenever they get the opportunity. Anything his wife can get her hands on with little or no value his wife hides it from him.

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Arguably one of the most beloved founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin has been an exceptional example of a man pursuing and living the American Dream. Today we have an immense amount primary sources that illuminate the life of Franklin and his ventures including entire volumes of correspondences with a broad spectrum of people and countless articles and pamphlets authored by himself. While these documents provide inclusive information concerning his service to his country, sciences, and other attributable accomplishments, they also paint a picture of a promiscuous man, who undoubtedly reveled in the company of many different companions. And like many white American and white Europeans during the period, he owned slaves for most of his adult

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While back in America, Benjamin Franklin saves enough money to start his own printing press. At this point in his life, Franklin is continuing to write many of his books, exploring new ideas, and inventing. “It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other.

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At the start of the 18th century, the beginning of the Enlightenment was upon America. There were many factors and people who help play a part in the Enlightenment or, in other words, the Age of Reason, some of the people that assisted the enlightenment was Thomas Jefferson, John Locke, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adam. Each of the philosophers demonstrates the fundamental idea of the Enlightenment like liberalism, rationalism, conservatism, toleration and scientific progress. Even though each person played an important part, the most influences person that was involved was Benjamin Franklin. Throughout Benjamin Franklin`s life, he demonstrates through his action and writing that he was the epitome of the Enlightenment by showing that he was

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The short story “The Devil and Tom Walker” by Washington Irving is a classic dark romantic story. Although the story has many elements in it, symbolism is seen the most. The three main symbols are the Devil is a representation of temptations in life, the forest represents the bad side of life and the trees showing the lives of many men that have done bad. The first symbol is the Devil. The Devil in the story represents temptations.

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There were a lot of American men who had perfect influence on people’s mind of American society. Jonathan Edward and Benjamin Franklin were two of those writers, who were the most important and intellectual men, who left behind many admirable works for the future society. In spite of them being so intelligent, they have some different and similar views in terms of morality, personal responsibility, human nature, and limits of human knowledge and inform people how to live a better life. In addition, they were different in terms of religious inclinations. Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edward were both philosopher and had similar views in terms of informing people the right way to live in order to be successful and get salvation by reforming their mind in their life.

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The romanticism was the response to the Industrial Age. That movement began in America from 1820 ’s to 1870’s. Washington Irving was part of that movement which began in America after Revolutionary War. They tried to separate them from the rest of the world and create a country as a nation. They used their chance of individuality and creativity, and they addressed economic social and many other concerns by their writings.

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American Romanticism American Romanticism is a concept that developed in the 17th century. Romanticism is all about emotions, the meaning of life, religion, society, the human form, death, and nature. Romanticism is very diverse and complex because each writer interprets the themes differently and each person who reads the poem can see something different and unique. Two famous and influential romantic poets were Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. Although Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman were both romantic poets they interpreted society and death in two completely different ways.

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Moreover, by the virtue of the French Revolution, a morality remanding of the peaceful nature of man emerged and it prompted to Romanticists to use emotion over reason. Romantics hold the belief that not everything can be explained by reason and relying on science can not answer the questions of life. The essence of Romanticism basically has the spirit of the individualism and nature. It turns thumbs up on the idea that natural world is the origin of positive and good emotions. It is important to note that for nature symbolizes a reflection of their own soul and the ideal life that based on the meaning of their dreams for Romantics.

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Throughout this time period American literature shifts from American foundation into American development. Following the Revolutionary War, America saw a huge population increase; migration westward; and many technological advances. These events thus initiate the Romantic Era. Within this era society held the values of individual importance; close association with nature; and humanism. In the romanticism poem The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls the reader can obtain a glimpse of these nature focused beliefs.

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