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The Relations Between Religion and Science
Causes and consequences of the scientific revolution
Causes and consequences of the scientific revolution
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The historical changes in thought and belief to change in social and institutional organization period, between the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Isaac Newton is Scientific Revolution. As many historians declare that, the Scientific Revolution began with Copernicus and ended with Newton 150 years later. The later half of this century saw minds such as Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, and Galileo begin to change scientific thought. The Scientific Revolution provide a good exercise for people think. The Scientific Revolution began during the 17th century and became a catalyst for a new philosophy, economics, politics and religion, that permeated every level of human society and placed the emphasis for change on humanity rather than intangible
In the 1500s and 1600s, the scientific revolution changes the way Europeans looked at the world, they began to make conclusion based on experimentation and observation instead of accepting traditional ideas. ‘’Although new knowledge emerged in many areas during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including medicine, chemistry, and natural history, the scientific achievements that most captured the learned imagination and persuaded people of the cultural power of natural knowledge were those that occurred in astronomy.” (348) Nicolaus Copernicus was a polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, were he made two main conclusions, the universe is heliocentric not geocentric and the earth is one part of many
Each country had very different responses towards the European scientific Revolution. China had a strong rejection towards the scientific revolution because the Europeans had failed to leave a good impression. According to the video, “Empires in Collision” China was a well-advanced country that had a rich economy also China was a nation that envisioned themselves as above everyone else. When the Europeans showed their inventions, China looked at them like “toys” it was never enough to persuade the Chinese. Out of the three countries China was unyielding to European’s scientific revolution.
The Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century brought about significant changes in how people understood and approached scientific knowledge. Two specific examples of scientific discoveries that support Bernard Cohen's argument about the shift in scientific inquiry are: One example is the discovery of heliocentrism by Nicolaus Copernicus. In the late Middle Ages, the prevailing belief was in the geocentric model of the universe, where Earth was considered the center of the solar system. However, Copernicus's heliocentric model proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system. This discovery challenged the traditional knowledge based on faith and insight, as it was backed by critical observation and mathematical
Europe’s time periods worked together like a domino effect. Time periods like the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment all were an extension of each other. The Scientific revolution used reason and logic to explain certain planetary motion and much else and philosophers from the enlightenment wanted to incorporate these same tactics. Philosophers agreed on each other’s thinking like natural rights and consent if the governed, however some did not have the same thought. They disagreed on topic like women rights and the type of government the people should have.
As time went from the 16th century to the 18th century, the Renaissance thinking transformed to the Scientific Revolution. Soon, it would enable a worldview in which people were not invoking the principles of religion as often as the Renaissance. As an example, these natural philosophers, known as scientists today, developed a new thinking in which the world was no longer geocentric. The thought of an Earth-centered universe as the Bible would say, transformed as heliocentric or in other words Sun-centered. Within this period, Scientists were starting to understand the world’s functions, for they created experiment methods incorporating discipline, mathematics, and the essential Scientist communication.
The Scientific Revolution created conflicts that developed in societies with the birth of modern science. There were many disputes with modern science. Modern Science was distinctive from Science created previous to this era. “ In the 1500s and 1600s, some startling discoveries radically changed the way Europeans viewed the physical world,” (pg. 54). The Catholic Church did not like how the people were believing what these new scientists were theorizing and not what they believed.
During the Scientific Revolution, natural philosophers developed a new scientific worldview. A heliocentric model of the universe replaced the geocentric model that was already in place and widely used. Different methods for discovering scientific laws such as Natural rights were developed. Scientist believed in a universe of matter in motion, which was reasoned with mathematics and experiments. Philosophes organized into societies widespread throughout Europe to make the spread of knowledge and ideas easier.
This movement challenged traditional beliefs–most of which originally centered around Christian theology–and developed a background in modern science, along with a newfound curiosity and understanding of nature, man, and religious relationships with God. Through major shifts in European society following the events of the Protestant Reformation, a new way of thinking–combined with a fascination with nature and the physical universe–led to the rise of challenging traditional sources of authority and pre-established, conventional ways of thought. This movement which took place within a roughly 150-year span was known as the “century of genius”, an era that birthed many great minds: Shakespeare, Galileo, Descartes, Locke, and Rousseau, among many others. During and following the time of the Scientific Revolution, ideas pertaining to science and the universe would find themselves separated from philosophy and religious conjectures. This led to a more rational and empirical approach to knowledge, which challenged the authority of traditional institutions and contributed to the rise of
Natalie DiMichele In our society today, individual thought is highly valued and essential for progress in the world. However, there was a time when thinking outside of the box could’ve led to eternal damnation. During the Middle Ages, everyone’s understanding of the world and our place in it was taught to them by the Catholic Church. Very few people challenged the Catholic Church’s beliefs due to a lack of education and fear of the Church’s harsh punishments.
In the 17th and 18th century the Enlightenment was a period of intellectual movement encompassing reason, individualism, and skepticism. The Scientific Revolution, which came from the enlightenment, resulted in new scientific findings, particularly in astronomy, which changed long-held beliefs about how space affects the natural world. These new revelations led people to doubt the established political and social hierarchies. The Enlightenment challenged traditional notions of hierarchy, including the king's 'divine right' to govern, the nobility's privileges, and the influence of religion on politics. Additionally, it served as an inspiration for the values of choice, equality, and independence as well as the fundamentals of human reason
The moon revolves around the Earth, and objects fall because of gravity. At one point, during the 17th and 18th century, this new concept, and much more like it, was the talk of the town. This time period was called the scientific revolution, where philosophers and scientists questioned the views on the world resulting in unfamiliar discoveries and the creation of new ideas. Science has influenced culture, religion, and government during this time as it made its crucial impact for their different way of thinking. Science was an important factor when it comes to progress within their society as there were many new findings.
The scientific revolution was a time that took place right after the Renaissance, the Renaissance was time period between the 1500’s and 1700’s where many were celebrating life and the start of a new period. During the Renaissance people started to question the beliefs of the Catholic Church. However, leading into the scientific revolution the church still mained their high power. This leads us to the start of the scientific revolution. During this time scholars started to challenge the views of ancient thinkers and the church.
The Scientific Revolution “refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly 1550-1700” (Hatch). This revolution was a time to replace
“God, who has given the world to men in common, has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience” (Locke, 35). The Scientific Revolution concentrated on understanding the physical world through astronomical and mathematical calculations, or testable knowledge. The Enlightenment focused more on “Spreading of faith in reason and in universal rights and laws” (Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 535). While the Scientific Revolution preceded the Enlightenment, both time periods sought to limit and challenge the power of the Church, through the spread of science, reason and intellect, and political philosophies. The Scientific Revolution began with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1542) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) wanting to understand the movement of the planets beyond what they authorities had told them.
