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The advantage and disadvantage of Segregation
Civil rights society history Essay grade 12 pdf
The advantage and disadvantage of Segregation
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Marina Vinnichenko Term Paper: Court Case Gong Lum v. Rice Gong Lum v. Rice (1927) stands out as the case within which the U.S. Supreme Court explicitly extended the pernicious doctrine of “separate but equal”. In this case the issue was whether the state of Mississippi was required to provide a Chinese citizen equal protection of the law under the Fourteenth Amendment when he was taxed to pay for public education but was forced to send his daughter to a school for children of color. Mаrtha Lum, the child of the plаintiff of the case, was a citizen of the United States аnd a child of immigrants from China. She enrolled in and аttended the local public consolidated high school at the age of 9, but was told midway through her first day that
In the 1950s Thurgood Marshall and Martin Luther King Jr. also share this ideology. Thurgood Marshall was the first African-American Supreme court justice, and a civil rights advocate. He was part of the NAACP and fought many cases against racial segregation. In Brown vs the Board of Education he argues that separate school facilities could not possibly be equal. As a supreme court justice he continue to fight against segregation and the death penalty, and fight for the protection of individual’s rights and abortion.
“We may have all come on different ships, however we are in the same boat now. ”(Martin Luther King, Jr.). Segregation, racism, and slavery are just another word for when someone is to harass an African-American or a person of any color besides white. All of the court cases involving African-Americans were extremely unfairly ruled mostly because of how they treated and how the cases were ruled. Three Supreme Court cases influenced the civil rights movement by revealing how wrong racism, slavery, and segregation were: Dredd Scott v. Sanford, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Brown v. The Board of Education.
“We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same boat now.” —Martin Luther King, Jr. To begin with, equality for all may not have been the immediate outcome, but nowadays African Americans are legally just as equal as Whites are. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 not only said that all races were equal, but it also equalized the discrimination of religion, sex, color, and national origin. The Supreme Court has had many cases that have impacted racial segregation in many different ways: Dred Scott vs. Stanford, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and Brown vs. Board of Education.
Minorities in sitcoms were less portrayed in contrast to an accurate representation of the time period. Ironically, minorities in sitcoms were not always represented by minority actors and actresses. Sometimes makeup was used on a white actor so he could portray an African man. It was not until the 1950’s when African Americans were shown on television. African Americans were often portrayed as crooked people with poor English and less education.
In 1909, the NAACP started its legacy of fighting legal battles to win social justice for African-Americans. The most significant of these battles were won under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston and his student, Thurgood Marshall. Nathan Margold found that, the facilities provided for blacks were always separate, but never equal to the facilities provided for whites, violating Plessy’s “separate but equal” principle. Thurgood Marshall continued the Association’s legal campaign, and during the mid-1940s, in Smith v. Allwright, Marshall successfully challenged the “white primaries,” which prevented African Americans from casting a vote in several southern states. In 1946 Thurgood Marshall also won a case in which the Supreme Court ended
Since the late 1950s, when the case for African American rights to receive the same education as their graduates began and ended, or so we thought. Schools today still remain widely segregated throughout the U.S. nation. In 1954 in Topeka, Kansas, the supreme court began to review many cases dealing with segregation in public education. Oliver Brown was one who went against the supreme court for not only his daughter, but for many other African American children to receive equal education in the ray of society. The Brown v. Board of Education case marked the end of racial discrimination in public schools which impacted African Americans to get an equal education in the American society.
Nearly a century following the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in the South still faced a world of inequality, segregation, and other forms of oppression. “Jim Crow” laws, state and local laws enforcing racial segregation, were prime examples of this. In 1954, the US Supreme Court put in place the “separate but equal” doctrine that formed the basis for state sanctioned discrimination, drawing attention to the plight of African Americans. During the years that followed, activists used nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to bring about change. Among these leaders were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, two prominent activists during this time.
Thurgood Marshall played a part in the change through his rulings on the Supreme Court and by helping defend others like on the decisive Supreme Court case “Brown v. The Board of Education”. As Marshall stated once "The position of the Negro today in America is the tragic but inevitable consequence of centuries of unequal treatment . . . In light of the sorry history of discrimination and its devastating impact on the lives of Negroes, bringing the Negro into the mainstream of American life should be a state interest of the highest order. To fail to do so is to ensure that America will forever remain a divided society" (“The man who turned racism into history THE LAW’If white supremacy has subsided in the United States, it’s largely due to Thurgood Marshall of the Supreme Court.”, par 10). African Americans were mistreated, viewed as lower class, and were not equal in the eyes of the people or the law.
Despite that racial segregation in public schools became unconstitutional due to the notable Brown vs. Board of Education court case in 1954, that was merely the beginning of the transformation of American society and acceptance. Subsequently, the new racial movement allowed other minorities to have the courage to defend their civil rights. This was not only a historical moment for minorities, but for women as well. Women, regardless of race, revolted against oppression and traditions. To be politically correct was now discretional.
The ruling thus lent high judicial support to racial and ethnic discrimination and led to wider spread of the segregation between Whites and Blacks in the Southern United States. The great oppressive consequence from this was discrimination against African American minority from the socio-political opportunity to share the same facilities with the mainstream Whites, which in most of the cases the separate facilities for African Americans were inferior to those for Whites in actuality. The doctrine of “separate but equal” hence encourages two-tiered pluralism in U.S. as it privileged the non-Hispanic Whites over other racial and ethnic minority
The Gilded Age was an age that was directly dependent on the end of the Civil War. Jazz was a major parts of what the 1920s and it helped African Americans realize the where they are at that moment was not what they had to stay at. The end of the Civil War made most of the American populace believe that the lives of slaves would change drastically. American slaves were granted freedom by order of the President and the Congress.
Segregation have created separate housing complexes for Blacks and Whites. Borrowing money for houses is not allowed for Black residents. As cities and suburbs became separated by both race and class, there are more services which leads to more falling apart in several of the inner neighborhoods in the city. These new rules are included in the Housing Act of 1949. This act is created to make the public point of view about housing better.
The segregation of schools based on a students skin color was in place until 1954. On May 17th of that year, during the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, it was declared that separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. However, before this, the segregation of schools was a common practice throughout the country. In the 1950s there were many differences in the way that black public schools and white public schools were treated with very few similarities. The differences between the black and white schools encouraged racism which made the amount of discrimination against blacks even greater.
During the early 60s and 50s America was an unforgiving place for people with colored skin or different racial backgrounds than white people would be separated and discriminated because they were different. With the help of people of Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights activists, they were able to outlaw and diminish segregation with peaceful protest and speeches. Segregation was a horrible because all it was is just people hating other people just because the way they look or racial backgrounds. In the early 60s and 50s segregation was a huge thing back then and many different activities and a lot of different things were designated for different races.
