During the first century and a half of colonial settlement, an English heritage integrated most East Coast colonies. As historian Sheldon Hanft has put it: “Since all but two of the original colonies were founded by Englishmen, were administered by English officials, were protected by England’s army and navy, and were led by English-trained clergy, lawyers, and educators, they adapted English models in their laws, constitutions, educational system, social structure, and cultural pursuits.” He adds that many wealthier colonists sent their sons to English universities, and “English styles in literature, poetry, music, architecture, industry, and clothing were the models to emulate until the twentieth century.” The dominant U.S. political, legal,