Ancient India and China were the greatest and the oldest civilizations that have ever existed. They have some significant differences within the civilizations, such as the political aspect, religion, and geography. As they have many differences, there are just as many similarities between the two.
Geographically speaking, India is in a humid subtropical area, so it was hard to store food but had the Himalaya Mountains to help cover from winter cold and invasions. There were passages to the north-west, so trades were able to happen with the middle east. China had mass amounts of flooding due to the Huang He river. The settlement had to happen along the river since it was the only place to plant in the mountainous jungle. Though being in the jungle was a problem for planting and growing crops, the cover that the mountains and forest provided was significant enough, so there was never a threat for an invasion. India brought tradition such as the caste system and Hinduism, but China couldn't
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In India, there are stories called the Vedas, and this based on the Hindu religion, with the primary goal being to reach a enlightened state. In China there are many gods that they worshiped, there would be a mandate of heaven with allowed emperors to rule the so-called gods deemed it so. Budisim, dominant religion for China was one of the results during the silk road era. The art and literature reflected in the two countries differ from each other in noticeable ways. Indian art is colorful, but China would refine and more conservative. The language for China will be similar to Mandarin and India would have more than twelve languages and dialects.
These points provided the similarities and the contrast between ancient India and China. India is a lot more carefree in a sense than China. CHina has an assertive stance on religion and their economic process, but both have the oldest and most successful cultivation to this