Fascism under Mussolini and Nazism under Hitler started to rise in Europe during the interwar periods. Both totalitarian governments brought great impact to their nations and international peace, which eventually led to the outbreak of WWII.
The German economy suffered severe setbacks after the end of World War I, partly because of reparations payments required under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. The government printed money to make the payments and to repay the country's war debt; the resulting hyperinflation led to inflated prices for consumer goods, economic chaos, and food riots. When the government failed to make the reparations payments in January 1923, French troops occupied German industrial areas along the Ruhr. Widespread civil unrest followed. The unrests paved way for Hitler to
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Both countries also signed different pacts and treaties with one another to secure their own rights and strengthen in the world. For example, the Pact of Steel was signed on 22 May 1939, initially considered as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. Because of the disagreement on the focus of the pact, it was signed without Japan and became an agreement solely between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Alongside, the Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940, initiated by the main Axis Powers. It was a defensive military alliance, and was consequently joined by other minor Axis Powers such ad Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. The Tripartite Pact was directed primarily at the United States. Due to the unfavorable geographical location of Japan (in the East), Germany and Italy (in Europe), the pact was not practical in discussing