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Spinach Chromatography Lab Report

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The purpose of the photosynthesis lab is to identify and observe the colors of pigments in a spinach leaf as they separate on chromatography paper. Photosynthesis is the anabolic process, or the process of making smaller particles into larger ones in metabolism, that plants use to convert reactants such as sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into products of glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of a plant cell where chlorophyll, a pigment, is used to allow the process to occur, while factors such as the amount of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide affect how much photosynthesis occurs. Chromatography is the process of separating chemical mixtures by allowing chemicals to move over another substance (Woodford, 2017).The moving phase, or moving substance, is in one state of matter as it spreads across the stationary phase, or nonmoving substance, in another state of matter to be identified separately (Woodford, 2017). Chromatography works by adsorption, which means that as the molecules pass over the solid, the …show more content…

Pigments can be organic (containing carbon) or inorganic and are found in many materials such as spinach leaves. Spinach leaves contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, beta-carotene, and xanthophylls, which are all types of pigments. (Fry, 2014). Chlorophyll a is blue-green, while chlorophyll b is bright green and both are used for photosynthesis in a plant cell (Fry, 2014). Beta-carotene is a pigment that ranges from red to yellow-orange and xanthophyll is the oxidized version of carotenes (Fry, 2014). The minor pigments play a secondary role in photosynthesis and transfer the energy the minor pigments receive back to chlorophyll for photosynthesis (Fry, 2014). If the spinach leaves’ pigments are separated by chromatography, then the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, beta-carotene, and xanthophylls will appear on the chromatography

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The purpose of this lab was to test the rate of photosynthesis in cut-out circles of spinach leaves in a solution with only water and a solution with water and carbon dioxide. The hypothesis made for this experiment was that the circles of spinach leaf that were placed in the solution with the carbon dioxide would float to the top more quickly than the circles of spinach leaf that were placed in just water. To test this hypothesis, twenty circles were cut with a hole punch from a spinach leaf in order to have a plant to perform the photosynthesis. Considering plants have oxygen running through their veins, the oxygen had to be taken out of the spinach circles before completing the experiment. To do that, the spinach circles were put into a syringe along with 5 mL of the solution in which they were going to be submerged.

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Doriana Spurrell What different frequencies and types of light would prompt the Spinach leaves to go through the process of photosynthesis effectively? Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to see which of the four lights that range across the light spectrum would properly and most efficiently help the spinach leaf perform photosynthesis. Background Information: Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use light energy to transform into chemical energy.

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photosynthesis and cellular respiration are extremely important in the cycle of energy to sustain life simply because nutrients would not metabolize in a productive manner. Both have numerous stages in which the process of energy occurs, and relationships with organelles located in the eukaryotic cell. Photosynthesis is a process by which green plant and other organism manufacture their food using sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water while cellular respiration is the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes. Photosynthesis occurs within organelles called chloroplasts. These organelles can absorb light, and are located inside of leaves.

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The plant used in this lab was Phaseolus vulgaris, or the common bean. This plant does C3 photosynthesis. First, my partner and I got two pots with a bean plant in each. In order to get the most accurate and relevant results when compared to one another, the bean plants were relatively the same size. The plants beforehand each had two larger leaves, three smaller leaves, and three leaves in bud form.

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Chromatography of Spinach Formal Discussion This lab involved the extraction of pigments from spinach leaves which were then analyzed using thin layer chromatography. The first step of this process was to grind up the leaves in order to extract the pigments. Hexanes facilitated this process and afterwards, the solution was dried over sodium sulfate to remove water.

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The Beetroot contains a red pigment known as betanin. This pigment was first discovered by schudel in the year 1918. They are classified under one of the two categories of betalains; Betacyanins and They are the most common in the plant kingdom. Betanin has also been classified as an anthocyanin related to the pigments of the petals of many flowering plants but different from typical anthocyanins because it contains nitrogen (Pucher, et al., 1937). The absorbance of this red pigment; betanin was tested in this lab in relation to the membrane permeability of the beet plant.

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Nutrients travel through water to get to the plant. Then, the proteins pick up the nutrients and consume them. Nitrogen is one very important nutrient. It promotes stem and leaf growth. When the plant doesn’t have enough nitrogen, the leaves turn a yellowish-green color.

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These compounds might even be able to reverse existing damage (33, 34). Bottom Line: Spinach contains compounds that are essential for vision. These compounds may help block or reverse the damage caused by sunlight. Cancer Prevention

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They also contain xanthophyll which makes the leaves look yellow and carotene is what makes the leaves turn orange (Jensen, 2015). During the spring and summer the leaves on trees are green because of photosynthesis occurs. Photosynthesis is the progress of how leaves gets food and water (Jensen, 2015). The chlorophyll gets light from the sun and water from the ground, and then it turns into food and stores it in the leaf (Jensen, 2015).

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Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.

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Dark green seems to stay longest in the veins, outlining and defining them. During the summer, chlorophyll dissolves in the heat and light, but it is also being steadily replaced. In the fall, on the other hand, no new pigment is produced, and so we notice the other colors that were always there, right in the leaf, although chlorophyll’s shocking green hid them from view” (Ackerman 542). This quote explains the process of the coloration of the leaves. She also compares the difference of how chlorophyll acts during the fall and

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(From Light Energy to Chemical Energy, Accessed 08 March 2018). Products to are made through photosynthesis as glucose is transported in to the plant as soluble sugars and stored as starch which is insoluble hence it is unable to escape from the cell. Although starch is able to revert back into glucose in order to release energy by respiration both useful for fats and oils for storage through the plant, proteins for growth and repair and cellulose for their cell walls. Figure 2: Structure of a leaf (FTEXPLORING, 2014), Accessed 16 March 2018) Chlorophyll is an essential need to photosynthesis as it is able to trap both blue and red light. It is a complex molecule consisting of three sub types;

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1. INTRODUCTION Lycopene is natural red color pigment that builds up of photochemical that mostly found in a red colored fruits or vegetables such as tomato, pink guava, watermelon, papaya and pink grapefruits. In 1876, Millardet was first who discovered this red pigment in tomato and later on, Schunck named it as lycopene (Kong, et al., 2010). It belongs to carotenoid group with lack of beta ionic terminal ring. Due to this, lycopene been known as not a pro-vitamin A carotenoid groups which cannot convert lycopene to vitamin A (Kelkel, et al., 2010).

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Introduction: What is photosynthesis? The chemical progress of photosynthesis is when a green plant and sometimes other organisms produce O2 (oxygen) by using the light energy from the sun, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and water. The green colour pigment is created by chlorophyll in the plant. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen Research question:

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Blue vitrial (copper sulphate) also bring out green colours. The copper sulphate does not need others substances to perform. Its only perform by itself. The treated fabric need to be rinse well and caution blue vitriol is poisonous. Tannic acid is a mordant for great colours for tans or browns.

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