Stephen Eric Bronner analyzes how the Jewish Zionist movement shape the Protocols and reflect the ideologies that are challenged between the two during the rise of the anti-Semite movement. He argues the ideas in this pamphlet are a complete forgery, yet they “helped shape the mass movements, revolutions, and wars of the twentieth century.” (4) Chapter three of his book, Rumor About the Jews, attempts to explain the effort the Protocols make against the modernity linked to political anti-Semitism supposedly taking place at the hands of Jews and their reactions to it. Antisemitic ideology, Bronner states, in contrast to the Judeophobia of earlier times, “presupposed a denial of the Jew both as a person and as a Jew.” (59) This laid the foundation