For many people, Carmichael remains the firebrand that popularized the infamous concept of Black Power, that is, up to this day, closely tied to the notion of violence, the “long hot summers” that erupted in the United States in the mid-1960. To challenge this reductive depiction of Stokely Carmichael’s activism is one of Peniel Joseph’s goals. Assessing Carmichael’s life and the activism that preceded his national prominence as Black Power adherent, Joseph’s study of the Trinidad-born activist, fills a crucial gap in the scholarship on the African American Freedom Struggle. To date, Joseph’s book constitutes the only comprehensive biographical account of Carmichael’s personal and ideological evolution, and is thus an important addition to …show more content…
Focusing on the ideological underpinnings of his shift from black power to Black Power, this paper delineates some of the main trajectories that shaped Carmichael’s experience and the public perception of the evolution of Black Power activism during the years 1966 and …show more content…
It is a call for people to define their won goals, to lead their won organizations.” In short, Black Power, addressed all the factors that both authors identified as the major needs of the African American community at that particular point in time. For his remaining time in the United States, the media would continue to place questions of violence and retaliation at the center of its discussion of the Black Power movement. Every time violence erupted some place in the country, and there were many of these instances, particularly during the “long hot summer of 1967” and in the aftermath of Martin Luther King’s assassination on April 4, 1968, the media would be quick to point the finger into Carmichael’s direction, whether he was present in the city in which the uprising occurred or not. [International travel, Black Panther Party, alliances with international liberation movements, frustrations/disagreements with the Black Power movement in the United