In chapter 5 of Lomawaima & McCarty (2006), the Hopification is used to describe the success of the Hopi people in co-opting cultural norms into their society while maintaining their unique identity as a tribal and ethnic group and they were not the only ethnic Native American group to use parts of American national norms to help continue the existence of their ethnic identities (Processes of Hopification, Para 1). In chapter 1 of Lomawaima & McCarty (2006), the issues of local public school control was an American idea that was not extended to all Americans, the government along with the support of the colonizers decided to raise up the race of the Native Americans so they could one day join the ranks of civilized society, however; it is unclear the timeline in which the Native Americans would be deemed civilized because their cultural norms had been so different than those of the European colonizers that they were seen as savages who needed saving even though they had managed their tribes long before the colonizers came to the Americas (Schools as “Civilizing” and Homogenizing Institutions,