Within the writing Inventing American Broadcasting, Susan J. Douglas argues the importance of the early radio amateurs. She explains in depth the overwhelming importance of these young boys and young men and how without them radio would have taken much longer to progress and change the overall culture of America in the 1900s. These young boys and men were amateur operators as Douglas puts it, and were often celebrated for their achievements in tinkering with technology. Although these amateurs did not invent the radio or the transmission of messages over the ether they should be given full credit for refining it and advancing it far faster and efficiently then Marconi and the United States Navy. The amateurs as Douglas pointed out were