Kristian Williams is the first author who examines the militarization of the police. Wil-liams starts the examination in the mid-1800s, the UK had a version of what could be called “po-lice.” This is the model that the US started with and the positions were unpaid, elected positions. The initial police system heavily relied on the public to report issues. The police did not have the manpower to monitor adequately and so they offered incentives to communities. If information lead to a criminal being detained rewards would be given to those whose cooperation was ruled valuable, while fines were given to the criminals. The early model Williams describes seems very community oriented. Randle Balko initial description of police and our modern police is quite different. Balko starts the examination of police by referencing the Roman guards who enforced warrants on their subjects, from this he moves to the oppressive British rule over the American colonies and their standing armies. These two historic forces are used to introduce the forming of the modern police in America. Balko does talk about the election of policing officials and the community relations, but the relationship that was emphasized was between the early …show more content…
Surveillance was a necessity for the police to become more proactive and this lead to counter-insurgencies of police. This was achieved when the Haymarket riots and bombing of the police occurred. New use of force and repression tech-niques including violence, disinformation, imprisonment, threats, blackmail and more were used. As the police grew, so did their reach, their tactics and their intelligence counterparts. A greater need to be proactive, instead of reactive to crime became evident. Surveillance, covert and overt, was used more with the increase of social movements. Police tools focused more on