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What Is The Difference Between Germs And Steel Chapter Summary

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In response to Yali’s question, everything came down to the location and settlement of people back in ancient times. Since some areas were not suitable for farming, they remained hunter-gatherers and carried on with their lives. Like New Guinea, these were the countries that would soon be backed-up on all the technological innovations and items produced that were brought into the world later on. Since food production was what off-set these creations, those regions that had perfect climate year-round had many advantages over others. With humid temperatures and excessive rainfall, farmers were able to domesticate a variety of crops. Wild mammals were tamed as well to perform certain tasks and help make the agricultural …show more content…

Quilted armor and club blows were nothing compared to the steel ones created. Also, those with animals to ride on had a quick escape and better change to get away from their enemies rather than those by foot. In addition to all of this, people with animals were very used to and immune to the germs they gave off. Those without them suffered from this disadvantage when germs and other deadly diseases were brought into their country. This is what caused most deaths of people and eliminated many populations. All of these factors were based off the original place these people came from. It states in the text, “The striking differences between the long-term histories of peoples of the different continents have been due not to innate differences in the peoples themselves but to differences in their environments” (Diamond 389). As Diamond says, the cultural differences and diversity amongst people scattered all around the world had nothing to do with how history unfolded. In fact, it was all based off the environmental factors that gave people certain opportunities. Therefore, while some people had less than others, it wasn’t fair to blame them for their misfortunes, but instead their environment that created the unequal

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They also domesticated the turkey. They became so advanced in the agriculture society that they built irrigation structures to assist in the growing of crops (Britannica,

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KEY TERMS & CONTENT: You need to be familiar and able to discuss the following terms/concepts… EXCHANGE AND INTERACTION: Trading and encounters with others. Columbian Exchange= Exchanges of diseases, food, cultures, etc from Europe with the arrival of Columbus in 1492.

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In addition to this, farmers were moving their grazing animals to smaller areas to prepare more room for crops. This caused grazing animals to over-graze the land which additionally damaged it. The farmers also began to stop tilling the land, which was another method that left the fields vulnerable to wind. When farmers left the soil dry, this was called dry farming, which led to strong winds that created dust storms from

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The climate varied based on the geographical location of the sub societies

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The trade of livestock was mainly used as a way of obtaining food just like the trade of plants and crops. Many animals were introduced into the New World. Many of the animals we find around now these days are probably the offspring of the livestock that were brought here. Cattle, horses, pigs, geese, chickens, goats, donkeys were all live stock that were traded and raised. Some of these livestock were already domesticated such like cattle and horses, on the other hand others not so much like goats, pigs, and chickens.

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In response to the declining trade and vanishing cities, money became scarce. From 800 to 1200 CE however, the climate increased to better fit the requirements of farming. Farm production increased as a result of the climate change, the new three-field system, and the transfer from oxen to horsepower. Europe, which had earlier been described as a “region of poverty-stricken farming communities” (Doc. A) was filled with nutrient people.

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392). Most of history happened in the Eurasia portion of the world. Diamond states that human progress was helped by three ultimate causes: “the shape of the continents, the distribution of domestication, and geographical barriers that inhibit diffusion” (pg. 393). These causes helped the rise of food production. The climate of the countries helps in relation to the distribution of food in many countries.

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In fact, with all their differences, the three regions later combined to create the great nation known today as the United States. One of the big differences between the three regions was their topography and climate, which led to different types of agriculture. For instance, the New England Colonies had many mountains and forests due to its glaciers. Since it had sandy soil, short summers and long lasting winters, the Puritans who landed in New England weren’t able to farm many types of crops. The cold weather negatively impacted their agriculture.

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In the Indus River Valley Civilization, cattle, pigs, sheep and goats were the animals they domesticated (BBC). The cattle were used as their beasts of burden, to help them plow the fields, while the other animals were mostly food (BBC). As both food sources and the means through which the Indus River Valley people could develop more food sources in the form of crops, the domestication of animals proved crucial for them. The results of the Neolithic Revolution, however, proved slightly different for

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Along with this, they brought traditional farming techniques. The technique called dry farming, designed for a very different, much more wet, climate, ruined the topsoil of the land. This caused crops to easily be uprooted in the winds of the plains. The use of dry farming (using only natural precipitation) caused the land to dry further from the lack of water due to crop growth. The topsoil, now loose, was easily picked up by wind, creating large waves of dust rushing towards homes and farms.

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A complete shift to this nomadism would have resulted to a need for many horses among each individual family, around six. One would be used for hunting, two for specifically riding, and three for carrying the lodge poles, tipi covers, and other necessities among the tribe. This was difficult for many families to obtain this many horses due to living in poorer conditions but also to a limited number of horses available.2 Even with a limited number of horses, however, the aid that these animals provided for each tribe allowed them to continue striving and develop their ways of living in order to create a more sufficient and advanced way of

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This bothered Indians and some colonists. The animals, mostly hogs, destroyed fields and served as prey to the increasing wolf population. The cattle and sheep made the pastures flat and hard similar to the pastures in Europe. The livestock also made the soil more compact causing the soil to carry less water, making the land a less inhabitable environment for plants. This resulted in the Native Americans losing their crops.

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Ever since the emergence of mankind, humans have always prioritized their search for food and water. Even today the need for sustenance is still prominent; however, methods for producing it have evolved over time. The Paleolithic people went about scavenging, hunting, fishing, and gathering on their quest for food. The Neolithic Revolution marked a transition from such practices into the “cultivations of crops and the domestication of animals.” (Strayer, pg.12) Even after thousands of years, although techniques have changed, the basic concept of agricultural cultivation has still remained similar.

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Tending to crops took less time than hunting and gathering food so humans used

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“...every animal down to the humblest worked… even the ducks and hens… carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks.” (ch.3, pg.28) They were very proud that they could run a society by themselves with each of them having a different job. These differences lead to what the animals did: the stronger animals worked on the fields while the smarter ones used their intellect to guide the farm. Some jobs were also more important and were more respected than others.

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