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The Big Five Personality Test

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Every human being is unique. With different walks of life, background, race, culture and religion, it makes up different personalities in each individual. There are many kinds of personality tests that are being developed by researchers to have a better understanding of an individual’s personality. One of the most common taxonomies in personality research is The Big Five Personality Test. In general, The Big Five Personality Test has five major factors of personality traits which are the openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The first major factor of a personality trait in The Big Five Personality Test is the openness to experience. The factor openness to experience …show more content…

Conscientiousness is associated with being orderly, organized, productive and efficient. Conscientiousness people are goal-oriented and they plan well in striving toward their missions (Costa & McCrae as cited in Dollinger, 1995). Besides, high-conscientious individuals tend to trust more that they are doing well than they truly are (Colquitt & Simmering, 1998). People high in conscientiousness are talented, proficient, and thoughtful (Costa, McCrae & Dye, 1991). Therefore, a person who is highly competent and motivated towards excellence is more inclined to lead others and shows leadership qualities (Costa et al., 1991). Costa et al. (1991) also claimed that the proneness to maintain the environment’s cleanliness and well-ordered is closely related to Order. High-conscientiousness people have the willingness to obey orders out of their duty. Low conscientious also interrelated with low self-discipline. People who have low self-control have the tendency to procrastinate their tasks and end up with vexation (Costa et al., 1991). In addition, people with high conscientiousness are foresighted, dedicated and diligent while people with low conscientiousness are impulsive, unstructured and more …show more content…

Unlike extraversion which possess positive emotions, neuroticism people often encounter negative emotions. Neuroticism is also known as emotional instability. Self-esteem and sense of security are some of the main traits in neuroticism. As claimed by Costa and McCrae (1980), under neuroticism, there are negative attributes such as being moody, frustration, guilt, irrational concerns and uneasiness. Costa and McCrae (1980) found that neurotic features influence one more severely than one’s trouble, but not necessarily lessen one’s happiness. When there are some stressful events, the level of distress between high and low neuroticism people may be equal on the day it occurs but individuals high in neuroticism may experience anxiety longer than the low neuroticism individuals (Bolger & Schilling, 1991). King (2008) stated that emotional stability surge starting from the early stage of young adulthood to middle

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Positivity can affect not only one’s self, but those around them as well. In the face of responding to conflict, positivity can reduce stress and anxiety, help health, and provide a better environment. During times of conflict, positivity has been proven to reduce both stress and anxiety. In an article from the Mayo Clinic Staff, they commented that “Indeed, some studies show that personality traits such as optimism and pessimism can affect many areas of your well-being” (Mayo Clinic Staff).

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Many psychologists measure identity using a system called the “big five” traits. The “big five” classification system contains some of the most prominent traits and how they vary between people. The traits include: “openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability” (Young). According to psychology, these five traits make up identity, but the scientists cannot agree on how they become so varied from person

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An individual scoring high in neuroticism may have more worry, anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem, easily angered and self-conscious. Scoring low in this area tends to show more confidence, bravery, and are more

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This measures openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The participants rated themselves on a five-point scale and at the end of the survey, they provide their age, sex, number of siblings, and if they were firstborn or laterborn. The participants’ siblings were also asked to complete the same survey. Moreover, the participants’ friend completed the same survey with the original participant in mind. The participants’ parents received a personalized copy of the Big Five Inventory and were asked to rate both of their

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Researchers from the Mayo Clinic have found that positivity can help lower levels of stress and depression, and help with coping skills for the individual (“How to Stop Negative Self-Talk.”). Staying positive during times of conflict is not just a way to pass the time, as it also has health benefits that can help lead people through hard times. Even without knowing it, some of these famous figures or even normal people today may stay positive in tough times because they feel better without even knowing the true effects. The Mayo Clinic staff also say, “Indeed, some studies show that personality traits such as optimism and pessimism can affect many areas of your health and well-being. The positive thinking that usually comes with optimism is a key part of effective stress management” (“How to Stop Negative Self-Talk.”).

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Chapter#2 Conscientiousness is the significant factor or personality trait for finding and maintaining employment. Conscientious people tend to be organized and responsible. They tend to face challenges and can control their instincts better (Baer, D. (2014, April 30). The National Institute on Aging also found that conscientiousness is linked to income and job satisfaction (Eur J Pers. 2009 Mar 1).

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The second element of personality that is measured is agreeableness. This measures if people work well with others. This shows if people are considerate, friendly, generous, and helpful. The third element of personality that is measured is if a person is conscientious. A conscientious person is someone who is well organized, and tend to do what is right.

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Big Five Personality Traits The five personality dimensions OCEAN are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. This were defined as follow, according to Crissy (2011), Openness is the capability of appreciating art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience. The characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests were the traits feature in this dimension. Next is Conscientiousness this is the persons tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior..

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(Jang et al., 1996) Besides the 3 traits, environment also affects neuroticism. In another study, it was found that when the individuals experience Stressful Life Events (SLE), their level of neuroticism increases despite their baseline. It was also found that recent SLE would cause a larger effect as compared to distant SLE which suggests that SLE effects would decay over time. In terms of agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness, the traits would increase based on environmental influence but decrease based on genetic influence when age increases.

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Boyle, G. & Smari, J. (1997). The Big Five and the problem of measurement in the psychology of personality. Nordisk Psykologi, 49,

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After many decades of research on the human personality, first hypothesized by Sir Francis Galton in 1884, the five-factor personality theory was finally published by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa in 1985.33 The theory determines the most important traits in a personality from thousands of traits, and it uses the factor analysis. These factors are believed to be the core of someone’s personality and they cannot be changed during the lifespan of a person. The five traits consistently emerge from factor-analytic studies. They are: 1) Extraversion vs. Introversion: distant and shy versus friendly and conversational, 2) Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability: peaceful and secure versus nervousness and insecure, 3) Agreeableness vs. Antagonism: doubtful

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Research Studies Relating to the types of the Pessimism 1. Research by Norem, J.K. (2001). Defensive pessimism, optimism, and pessimism In this research the author compared defensive pessimism, optimism and pessimism and it was observed that defensive pessimism is not a global, internal and stable attribution style, but it is rather a cognitive thought process or strategy that can be utilized within the context of certain goals unlike dispositional pessimism which is a global, internal and stable attribution style. This means that dispositional pessimism deals with the fact that the negative outcomes happening are a due to his fault (internal) and he believes negative in everything (global) where as for a defensive pessimist negative outcomes are only some specific situations and every negative outcome is not their fault.

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Personality is one of the main areas of psychology research. Over the years, researchers developed theories trying to explain how people are different and similar. Personality traits were grouped together to be determinants of more general traits such as Extraversion, Agreeableness or Neuroticism. The traits were tested for various correlations. All this to better understand why people behave the way they do and how big impact does the personality have on behaviour.

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The Big Five Personality Traits are divided into five broad characteristics, which is basically used to describe the variations of human personality. The various characteristics are: • Openness • Agreeableness • Conscientiousness • Neuroticism • Extraversion This model has gained particular popularity as it shows the different traits in a person which comes up with the situational change around the person. Shritika is an entrepreneur by profession and thus meets a lot of client in her workplace. Thus, she shows the trait of Conscientiousness in her behavior of enjoying her work and meeting up new clients is a part of her job role.

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