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Urban Sprawl Literature Review

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Recommended: The consequences of urban sprawl

Urban sprawl is defined as the expansion of metropolitan areas into urban surrounding areas, often due to the rapid population growth within a city. As a result of urban sprawl there has been an increase in traffic, health issues, environmental issues and public expenditure, due to migration away from the city centre and this affects its functionality as a human community. Since 1930 literature has discussed the concept of compact cities as the ideal city. The term Compact City originated in the 1930’s and Oxford Dictionary defines the Compact City as “an urban area with clearly defined boundaries, in which the residential and commercial districts are relatively close together, forestalling the development of rural land and reducing the need …show more content…

Fishman is a Professor of Architecture and urban planning at Taubman College, University of Michigan. His article acknowledges, Mumford’s Fourth Migration where the population moved away from the central cities to suburbs and predicts that we are now entering a time of a fifth migration. The fifth migration is described as the re-urbanization of the central city suburbs that were previously migrated away from. His central concept is that the push for this new migration and revival of the city centre will come from the city’s minorities and immigrants. Fishman states that “the demographic potential of the fifth migration rests on such varied bases as aging baby boomers returning to the cities; their 20-something children rejecting the suburbs in favour of livelier inner city districts; the ‘natural increase’ of unslumming households who choose to stay put; and of course, the millions who seek to migrate to the United States” (Fisherman, 2003). This migration is evident in cities globally. Fishman understands Mumford’s vision for the compact city, and that the vast rate in which the city occupants fled the city and created suburban sprawl which Mumford describes as the ‘anti city’ and that he stated was the “ideal formula for promoting total urban disintegration” (Mumford, 1968). Mumford’s vision for the minimisation of a city was to limit suburban size, however, not promote the abandonment of city centres. Fisherman (2003), acknowledged Mumford’s city of a compact city but introduced the new concept of re-inhabiting the city

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Inspired by european city rebuilding projects, American cities started clearing away older neighborhoods and creating grand avenues with impressive buildings. The only problem with the growing population was finding housing for the new residents. In Document 6 Nash explains how urban geography changed with emerging central businesses, few people living downtown, middle class residential areas stretched out beyond working class neighborhoods, and the growth of the suburbs which led to better transportation. Many of the rich lived in palatial mansions in the heart of the city while the moderately well to do took advantage of less expensive land on the outer edges of the city thus leading to what was known as the growth of the suburbs. However the poor could not afford housing in the city or in the suburbs and this led to the growth of tenement housing.

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For the last 170 years, maybe longer, there has been a recurring displacement of local inhabitants from their native land or community. Motives ranging from greed in relations to an expansion of land and wealth or just wanting a change in “scenery”. While such actions can indeed have a positive outcome on the person doing the action it may not work out for the people it's happening to. Such examples are The Trail of Tears & the modern day Gentrification of the Chicago South Side. The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans from their native land in Southeastern U.S to the Mississippi River.

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Sprawl In Houston

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Houston is located 165 miles (266 km) east of Austin,[42] 112 miles (180 km) west of the Louisiana border, and 250 miles (400 km) south of Dallas.[43] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) covered by water.[44] The Piney Woods are north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie which resembles the Deep South, and are all still visible in surrounding areas.

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Soon there will be no home for minorities and lower income in San Francisco. The districts of San Francisco soon will lose all its original dwellers to the high demands of the Bay Area. The new, “improved” population is overtaking a district such as the Mission that historically has been home to Central and South American immigrants. As you stroll down Valencia Street, once home to taquerias, bakeries, bars and auto mechanic shops, one can instantly see the difference.

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Title: Gentrifying Chicago neighborhoods. General Purpose: To inform my audience of Gentrification in the Norther part of Chicago around the 1960s. Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will understand the meaning of gentrification, how Puerto Rican families in the Northern part of Chicago lost their homes to Gentrification, how they fought against gentrification, and how gentrification is now occurring to Mexican families in the Southern part of Chicago. Thesis: Puerto Rican families lost their homes in the 1960s when Lincoln Park was gentrified despites their best efforts, and today Mexican families are losing their homes in Pilsen to gentrification. Introduction I. Attention: What would you risk in order to continue having a home?

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The term sprawl intends to extend with an absence of thought. When I picture a canine sprawling on a lounge chair: paws on every one of the pills, one foot toward the end of the love seat and one on the inverse end of the sofa, face down in the cushions. The meaning of urban sprawl is the same as the

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Lance Freeman, an associate professor of urban planning in Columbia, wanted to investigate if there was any displacement going on in two predominantly black neighborhoods that was briskly gentrifying. Much to his dismay, he couldn’t find any correlation between gentrification and displacement. What was surprising to Freeman was his discovery, “poor residents and those without a college education were actually less likely to move if they resided in gentrifying neighborhoods”. (Sternbergh, 19) Freeman adds, “The discourse on gentrification, has tended to overlook the possibility that some of the neighborhood changes associated with gentrification might be appreciated by the prior residents.” (Sternbergh, 19)

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The suburbs could use a lot of work, right now it’s just a waste of space taking up so much land affecting our environment. Also, there is no way to completely stop our cities from growing outward because of our continuously growing population. however, we can slow down urban sprawl to a certain extent. So how do we slow down sprawl? Well, the answer is quite easy, intensification.

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