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Major continuities and changes regarding various views of women in the years between 1450 and 1700 include both the continuation of disdain towards women and the emergence of the idea that women are equal to men. Women were often thought to be of less value than men, an idea that originated early in history and progressed throughout this time period. Some men and women began to speak out against inequality and, whether directly or indirectly, influenced new ideas causing others to believe in the power of women. Many views of women in the years between 1450 and 1700 continued to show the age old idea of women being seen as the inferior gender. James Sprenger and Henry Kramer wrote that women are more likely to be attacked by the devil because they are more naive than men (1).
In the Notion of Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events, Pritchard begins the second chapter with the statement, “Witches clearly cannot exist” (Pritchard 1). Continuing with explaining that for the Azande, witchcraft was embedded in their daily lives. Evan Pritchard explains that witchcraft is “to Azande an ordinary and not an extraordinary... event” (Pritchard 9). In other words, the Azande perceive “unfortunate events” due to witchcraft and not by natural causes. An example of this is death, the Azande see death as an event caused by the dying person being bewitched.
During the Puritan times gender roles in the society were very anti-feminist. Women were required to act as housewives and do womanly duties such as cook, clean, and take care of their children. Women had very little freedom as far as their rights were concerned also. Puritan writers, Anne Bradstreet and Mary Rowlandson both experienced the struggle of the anti-feminist movement. From their writings we see that they both were against anti-feminism and they tried their best to abandon the whole idea.
The Catholic church established a judicial procedure to combat heresy and Jewish religion known as the Inquisition. Any belief and/or practices that were not Catholic were considered heresy therefore were “inquired into”. These Commisions and similar structures in the 13th Century were known as The Inquisition in the early modern Europe. As early as 11th Century the judiciary inquiries were implemented but it was not widely adopted due to lack of power over jurisdictions or simply not implemented by some bishops. As the papacy gained control and authority in the regions through the bishops, the inquisitions practices carried on but there was no central authority to coordinate their activities.
These views, in and of themselves, speak to the level of intolerance permeating America and to the level of fear associated with witchcraft. The Religious intolerance and fear experienced in English North America was not a sole construct of Puritanism in New England. These ideas permeated Southwards throughout the length of the thirteen English colonies. Oftentimes, the fear of witchcraft led to colonial governments establishing capital laws against any person entering into communion with Satan.
institutional view if witchcraft changed. Satanism and heresy were joined together and became inextricable, whereone was found so too was the other. Those who were heretics were also inleague with the devil. When witches became associated with Satanism itbecame part of the understanding of witchcraft that all witches, knowingly or unknowingly, formed a pact with the Devil. This was to become the main issuewith witchcraft, the devil pact.
Carol Karlsen 's The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England provides a sociological and anthropological examination of the witchcraft trends in early New England. By examining the records, Karlsen has created what she suggests was the clichéd 'witch ' based on income, age, marital status, etc. She argues that women who had inherited or stood to inherit fairly large amounts of property or land were at particular risk, as they "stood in the way of the orderly transmission of property from one generation of males to the next." These women, Karlsen suggests, were targeted largely because they refused to accept "their place" in colonial society.
The Puritan ways of the small town of Salem, Massachusetts, lead to each gender having a very set role in society. Men were to be the strong, detached ones, who did all the hard work. Well the women were subordinate, stay-at-home mothers, and could show no temper. These roles lead to the growth of distrust between a married couple. An analysis of John and Elizabeth’s marriage
Drina had never hoped to see the consort she freed so many years ago ever again, yet here he was in front of her, in all his shirtless glory. Not his choice obviously. A minute ago, a Quad dragged him inside the formal dining room, where she was idling with the rest of them House of Craft witchies.
Looking back to the Puritan society, the equality between males and females is one of the most controversial faults of the time. The Puritan’s did not view males and females as equal. The Puritans thought of women to be not important in comparison to men. The authorities gave specific rules and expected the people to follow the rules, or they would be punished. In modern day American society, men and women have some of the same roles.
Once upon a time, in a small town called, Pineville, there lived a mother with two troubling kids, Michaela and John. These children always seemed to cause trouble. Like most children their age, they were curious and wanted to explore the outside world. Everybody in town knew these two would always cause trouble at school and at home. They broke their mother’s expensive china, drew on their school books, and always tried to enter the forbidden forest.
In its society, there is the assumption that the male gender is superior, therefore holds more influence over others and gather more power. It is also assumed that females have slight power over men to manipulate them into doing things or believing things by using their femininity and innocence. These powers are displayed quite evidently in The Crucible which is set in a patriarchal society. In The Crucible, women were nothing without a husband or a father, no rights to own property, no rights to have a job and make a living, no rights. Yet when Abigail Williams convinced her friends to lie and falsely accuse others of being witches, the male judges had no qualms about believing them.
In Miller’s play many women in Salem are taken in by the devil (as the town sees it) or are forced to join him in evil. As the so called evil moves through the town, it’s citizens accept the idea all too easily. When the church minister’s black slave, Tituba, confesses to being a witch she claims the devil drew he to his side by promising her a “pretty dress to wear” (47), a story which readily believed by Parris. This illustrates the pervasive sexism because people accept that a women was swayed to the devil’s side by a pretty dress. That is all it takes.
The Crucible and Gender Roles In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, gender roles are very evident throughout the book even when they aren’t immediately noticed. Minor details like women not having jobs and men being the ones doing the physical and hard labor are quite repetitive in the play. In 1692, when the play took place, the main gender roles were that men were laborers and workers while the women stayed home to care for children, cook, clean and keep the house for their husbands. In the Crucible specifically, in the town of Salem during the witch trials that happen there, gender roles can be seen through the judges, reverends and farmers all being men and women being the housewives or servants, they are also evident in the conversations that
Women’s life was divided between family, marriage and religion. The women’s main concern and responsibility was the procreation. In those times, family was very big so the typical role of the woman was that to be a good wife and a good mother. Some of them tried emancipation but they were blamed by society for this. These were the witches,
