The Ethical Issues Of The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project, which lasted 13 years, had officially opened in 1990, and it completed in 2003. It is a transnational, interdisciplinary scientific exploration project. The original goal of this plan was found a set of intact human genes to make them beneficial to the future of biological research. And determining the DNA nucleotide sequence of the complete genome in humans. The United States, Britain, France, Germany, China and Japanese scientists to participate in the project. There are some Sponsors, such as National Institutes of Health, and U.S Department of Health and Human Services, The National Human Genome Research Institute, Department of Health and Human Services and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. The project has some conflicts about ethical, legal and social. For instance, the issue of fairness use of genetic information, the problem of privacy and confidentiality, the feeling about individual differences in the genetic material, the trouble about reproductive and clinical, some uncertain factors such as heart disease, health and environmental issues and intellectual property and patent issues.

“Sequencing,” “Sequencing Technologies,” “Mapping,” “Bioinformatics,” “Comparative and Functional Genomics.” The procedure that used for “Mapping” is depicted in a series of unique, identifiable biochemical landmarks, including the construction of the position and spacing of chromosomal DNA in genes on chromosomes occur as described. In 1990, the US Department of Energy initiated the project with the genetic markers to enrich the development of chromosome maps. The Ares of Mapping is Genetic Map, Physical Map and Gene