The Ottoman empire or the Turkish empire was founded at the end of the 13th century in north-western Anatolia. It was founded by Osman 1. It was created by Turkish tribes that grew to be on one the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th century. The Ottoman empire period spanned for more than 600 years and came to end in 1922. It was replaced by the “Turkish Republic” and various successor states in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title “raider), who fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The Ottomans were known for their achievements in art, science and medicine.