Elaine Pagels uses The Gnostic Gospels to consider the relation between gnostic teachings and what would become orthodox teaching. Pagels uses both texts to analyze the theological differences in terms of issues of religious authority. The orthodox and the Gnostics had very different ways of understanding what constituted truth, as they had incongruous ideas about who was entitled to preserve and teach that truth. The theological meaning of Jesus ' death and resurrection, the importance of apostolic succession, the position of women vis-a-vis men in the early Church, the question of whether Jesus and the apostles after him had passed on a secret teaching in addition to the teachings known from the New Testament--these are some of the thorny