The History Of Culture In Hyder's 'Disgrace'

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A nation is a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular state or territory. A novel could represent and tell about various things and about various characters at the same time which could be imaginary or fragments of real life which is imbibed in the work of art. A novel comprises of various issues and concepts which are related to the nation as a whole or which tells about a particular nation.For instance,the novel ‘Disgrace’ by J.M Coetzee tells about the post apartheid movement in South Africa between the years 1991 to 1996 and how that movement as a whole totally presented the totally inverted worldview of blacks and whites.So,reading about the history of nation can be very useful in understanding the plights and about a particular culture which could in a way enhance or change one’s worldview of seeing a nation. The narrative of Qurratulain Hyder’s River of Fire(1998), narrates the account of Indian subcontinent’s cultural history through episodic narrative sweeps, ranging from 4th century B.C to1950s and articulates according to Kumkum Sangari “ the grand nationalist visions of a pluralist civilization”, through the experiences of Gautam Nilambar, Hari Shanhar, Abul Mansur Kamaluddin and Champa, who reappear during the Magadhan period, Sultunate period, British period and post-partition period. Nikhat Taj identifies History as an “important organizing principle” in the novel which Hyder employs to