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Analysis Of The Social Model Of Disability

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A Persons environment has huge impact on the experience and extent of disability. In accessible environments create barriers to participation and Inclusion (WHO, 2011). We have a moral duty to remove the barriers to participation and to invest sufficient funding and expertise to unlock the potential of people with disabilities. Government throughout world can no longer overlook the hundreds of millions of people with disabilities, who are denied access to health, rehabilitation, support, education and employment. (Professor Stephen W Hawking) in World Disability Report 2011. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) highlights “ Disability refers to difficulties in any or three areas of functioning, impairment, …show more content…

2.0 Literature Review There are five models of disability one is medical model, social model, Nagi model (1965), International classification of Functioning (2001) by World Health Organisation and Amartya Sen capability approach(2002) . The medical model of disability considers disability ‘a physical, mental, or psychological condition that limits a person’s activities’, linked to various medical conditions and viewed as a problem by the affected individual. The social model of Valliappan Alagappan, Accessibility and Mobility impaired, ‘52nd ISOCARP Congress 2016 2 disability views disability as ‘arising from the interaction of a person’s functional status with the physical, cultural, and policy environments’. The Nagi and capability model is an extension of social and medical models. Accessibility is generally defined in all literature as ease of reaching a place or destination, but accessibility is not only reaching a place with ease, but carry out the functions internal to the building without any hindrance architecturally and environmentally. Accessibility …show more content…

Accessibility to all for all types of citizen group is to be the mantra in all corners of the globe, by all the stakeholders (NGO, officials, elderly, differently abled, United Nations etc.) to counter attack the discrimination and societal exclusion. Research undertaken in public buildings, particularly schools regard the physical accessibility in schools in 24 provinces across Afghanistan particularly Kandahar and balkh provinces to monitor and observe 1,725 public buildings including schools, universities, teacher training institutes, governmental organizations, hospitals, clinics, mosques and nongovernmental buildings (Hasanzada M. Taqi ,2002). A study conducted in Greater Boston for thirty public buildings regarding functional access to public buildings and facilities for persons with and without impairments using the variables like percentage of tasks performed, time, distance, barriers and facilitators and found variance in mean values of time and distance to complete tasks.(Thapar Neela et al, 2004). A study conducted in public buildins of Al Ain, UAE and found that highest compliance of mean 76% in the accessible route and 19% in the parking area (Daniel Rivano Fischer,

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People may consider it as what might bring peace upon societies, but on the other hand it can truly be destructive. According to the writer’s opinion, people with natural disabilities should be provided with help to aspire for them to reach the level of those exceptional people who improve society. Without inspiration, such a society will have a great

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There are thousands of people who face challenges that come with having physical disabilities everyday, and many do not understand this reality. Having a disability does not mean that one is weak and pitiful, but rather brave and admirable for having to adapt to the challenges that most do not have to face. Three authors who advocate for disability representation, Nancy Mairs, Andre Dubus, and Harriet McBryde Johnson, are able to elaborate on their views of disability representation in the world today. Through Mairs’ essay, “Disability”, she is able to convey her thoughts on the media’s inclusion of people with disabilities. Similarly, Dubus wrote “Why the Able-Bodied Still Don’t Get It”, and in his essay, he explains how his thoughts on disability

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The Enlightenment Writers Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson were the Enlightenment writers. They strived for the rights & liberties of the common people through their literary work. Most of their work was of the ideas and activities that took place throughout the eighteenth century in Western Europe, England, Each of them had their own unique writing style which was read been cherished by the readers throughout the centuries. Unlike the early enlightenment writers who focused more on criticism & politics. Their work was not as not so much as to write for aesthetic purposes.

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As Baynton discusses disability as a justification for inequality, I view it in the sense of a social concept of disability that sets the platform for discrimination and violence against the minority groups. This concept has been implemented in U.S. history to allow discriminatory practices against the minorities to occur. Basically, women, individuals from different races, and ethnic minorities were labeled as disabled as well to interpret inequality as a positive concept. For example, there was justification for slavery in which African Americans did not have the required intelligence which made them incapable of equality with other Americans. This assumption was ascribed to physical causes and differences that were visible in their race.

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Most facilities in the United States are now required to have Universal Design. Universal design is, “the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability”. The concept of universal design is to accommodate Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, “which makes it illegal for federal agencies, or programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance or are conducted by a federal agency, to discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. Requirements under Section 504 include reasonable accommodation for employees with disabilities; program accessibility; effective communication with people who have hearing or vision disabilities; and accessible new construction and alterations.”

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The unemployment rate in 2012 for people with disabilities was more than 1 in 10 (13.9%) compared to less than 1 in 10 (6.0%) for those without disabilities.” This highlights the fact that people with disabilities have disadvantages that “regular people” would never have to worry about. The last barrier we will talk about is physical barriers, physical barriers affect them in a movement way, where there environmental doesn’t fit there needs. This is proven

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Architectural barriers, environmental hazards, and safety risks are just a few unique thoughts that might run through the mind of a college student with a disability. Various physical disabilities can interfere with the success of an individual’s education if the necessary measures are not taken to accommodate them. The area of research to be described more in depth are the issues that these college students face on a daily basis and what various locations are doing, or should be doing, to help them succeed. Cotler, S. R. (1981). Modifying the Existing Campus Building for Accessibility.

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1.1 Describe the causes and effects of complex disabilities and conditions. Mental health issues ranging from the doubts and uncertainties have become a part of daily routine, towards serious long term situation which can be very complex for managing and having a diversifying impact on the overall live of the people. The usual child health leads to contribute towards overall development (Watson & Le Couteur, 2011). Therefore it is important to take special care of people with complex disability as they turn out to be sensitive enough about the situation and environment they are living in.

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Capability-based political justice models seek to promote political equality by ensuring that all individuals have the capability to participate fully in political processes. This requires policies and interventions that address social inequalities that may limit individuals' capabilities to participate, such as discrimination based on race, gender, or disability. “For advocates of the rights of persons with disabilities, particularly persons with mental

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“A person’s disability defines who they are as an individual” (Draper). All too often, people with disabilities are placed in categories or groups due to their physical or mental capabilities. “I often think of what his life would be like if we hadn’t been able to put aside our stereotyped impressions of severe mental retardation—the hopelessness, the life-long dependency for his most basic needs, the inability to even communicate those needs to others” (Rabalais 43). If society does not give individuals a chance to actually show their capabilities, how would one ever know what their true capabilities are? “People tend to feel that a person with impairment is “still one of us” as long as the impairment is perceived to be minor and/or temporary” (Green 204).

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Explain the relationship between disability and special educational needs. Explain the nature of the particular disabilities and/or special educational needs of children and young people with whom they work. Explain the special provision required by children and young people with whom they work. Explain the expected pattern of development for disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs with whom they work People often confuse Disability for Special Educational needs and the Special Educational needs for a Disability.

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Disability is an impairment that corresponds to a person’s development, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, and/or a combination of these. Having a disability can really affect one’s life activities, whether it occurs since birth or sometime during a person’s life, it’s something that we should not discriminate against because it is something that does not come and go easily. Although this is not a topic that most people cover or talk about, it is very important because it involves the Human Rights. And they should be treated right because we are all human beings. All the media does is imitate or mock people with disabilities but there are some people who actually has the audacity to defend disabilities with the purpose of the Human rights.

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As the name suggests The Medical Model of disability mainly looks at the many varying causes of disabilities and searches for treatments within a structured, procedural and, some would say, very clinical manner. The Medical Model finds issues though rigorous testing done by specialists and relies on a definite diagnosis of a patient who can then be treated with medical and rehab. It places disability in the category of an illness or an incapacity and can be very broad in its thinking. “With the medical model, the ‘problem’ is seen to lie with the person with the disability” and “the person is seen by this model as abnormal and remains so until the condition is cured” (E. Flood, 2013)

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The concept of accessibility extends to a wide range of facilities that are a part of our everyday usage such as elevators, Braille signage and sound-enabled signals at pedestrian crossings. The overall aim of this concept is to enable people with special requirements to gain access to aspects of everyday life that include transportation, education, employment, housing, entertainment and so on.

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Disabled people are people who have mental or physical limitation so they depend on someone to support them in doing their daily life needs and jobs. Although disabled people are a minority and they are normally ignored, they are still a part of the society. The statistics show that the proportion of disabled people in the world rose from 10 percent in the seventies of the last century to 15 percent so far. The number of handicapped exceeds a billion people all over the world, occupied about 15 percent of the world's population, as a result of an aging population and the increase in chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, blood and psychological diseases that are related with disabilities and impairments. Every five seconds someone

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