Excavation is an important job in mining, earth removal and general earthworks.
Excavation output (amount of work done), efficiency (cost of work done in expressions of labor and machinery) and operator safety, mainly in underground mining or in the removal of hazardous waste are constantly under pressure from industry. After decades of increasing in machine size and power, now practical limits are being approached and automation is being required for further improvements. In addition, computing and sensing technologies have reached to a phase where they can be applied to automate the excavation process.
The construction of highway, digging of trench, holes and foundation are required quick removal of the soil. Usually digging machines such as backhoe loaders also well-known as
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Backhoe excavators are used mostly to excavate under the natural surface of the ground on which machine rests. A backhoe excavator is really three pieces of construction equipment combined into single unit which are known as a tractor, a loader and a backhoe as shown in Fig. 1.1. A backhoe also famous as a backhoe excavator attachment is the area of research. A backhoe is the main link mechanism of the backhoe excavator to perform excavation task. It consists of a digging bucket on the end of a two part articulated arm (Fig.