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The Second Industrial Revolution

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The 2nd Industrial Revolution had a substantial impact on the world, especially with all the groundbreaking innovations that came out of this period. The technological advances of this time period are so significant that they usually dominate discussions on the importance of the 2nd Industrial Revolution and its consequences. However, despite all that was done for technology, the 2nd Industrial Revolution played a crucial role both socially and politically. The improvement of the public health system and the spread of urbanization, which led to a rise in the working class; as well as a new political party formation, are just a few examples of the social and political impact the 2nd Industrial revolution had on European society.
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During this time there was an influx of working class citizens that moved into cities with the intent of being within a close proximity to the factories. This inflow of people caused some major issues with housing and rendered the living conditions around the city insufficient. As a result of the increased population in this area, many inhabitants moved outwards towards more suburban areas. The suburban development was hastened by improvements in local transportation systems such as the electric tramway, and the subsidized suburban railways. This shift was the start of the “age of the commuter”. During this time, the state had assumed the power to enforce minimum standards for not only public hygiene, but also the rights of property. Even though the improvements weren’t felt right away, and there were large sections of the industrial population still living under appalling conditions towards the end of the 19th century, the accumulated effects of the changes and an improved diet in some of the population meant that Europeans were leading healthier lifestyles. As a result, Western Europeans were living significantly longer than they had been …show more content…

Early on in the Industrial Revolution, many liberals believed that the state didn’t have the power to impose itself on its citizens and that they should be left alone. However with the progressing of industrial societies, and the organizing of the industrial proletariat states found that it increasingly riskier to ignore the rights of the working class citizens and opted to address the many social abuses that had been present at this time. As the disparities of the classes grew, and the abuse of the industrial system became more prevalent, governments had obliged to pass legislation that limited and regulated hours of labor, and the exploitation of small children. Then, in the 1880s a more positive view of the state’s role began to form in which states are not only obligated to offer its citizens “negative protection, but also positive advantages”. This new outlook effectively led to the formation and spread of socialism within Europe. Socialism is one of the most important political outcomes of the 2nd Industrial Revolution. The level of socialism varied greatly throughout Europe and was based on many different factors. In Germany, it was Bismarck’s acute understanding of how socialism is a doctrine based on conservative prudence, as well as liberal and humanitarian idealism, that allowed him

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During the nineteenth century, Manchester,England was leading in textile manufacturing due to the cotton mill and it being the first industrialized city. The industrial growth increased the population to over 300,000 by a span of 100 years, this new increase was due to working class and immigrants. In document 1, there is a vast growth in the city of Manchester over the span of 100 years. Manchester was given representation in Parliament and the middle-class men received the vote. While the growth of industry was needed in Manchester for better development of modern society, it came with many issues.

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402 Words | 2 Pages

The 19th century brought factories that could mass-produce products with machines and workers assigned to different tasks. This sparked the Industrial Revolution. Britain was the first nation to be industrialized. They built factories and made money from them and built more factories making the nation industrialized. America became industrialized due to Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act and the War of 1812.

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848 Words | 4 Pages

The Industrial Revolution was the chain of events from the mid-1700s to the early 1900s that increased population, product output, and technology. During this period, many inventions that people use to this day, such as the radio, electric lightbulb, and the automobile were invented and put forward for public use. It also changed the way people lived, with urbanization causing more people to move into larger cities to work in factories. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because it brought suffering to the working class, it was actually a positive thing for society.

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970 Words | 4 Pages

The Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century changed the European working lifestyles from agrarian to urban. This change of lifestyle happened very quickly, and left thousands of lower class working citizens in poverty. Throughout the nineteenth century several different arguments were made on how to improve the lives of European workers. Arguments made to improve the lives of European workers include: having a stronger government, giving more rights to the working class, turning towards a socialistic government, or simply maintaining the status quo. Documents 3, 7, and 9 claim that having a more involved government will improve living conditions for workers.

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What do you think of, when you hear the historical moment of the, “Second Industrial Revolution?” Well, our society has lived in many moments where our nation was built on many things based on manufacturing a system of industries, agriculture, technology, and scientific discoveries, in order for economic growth. For this reason, we ask ourselves about the Second Industrial Revolution and since it started, how has the Second Industrial Revolution development affected the way we live now? With this in mind, the Second Industrial Revolution also said to be known as the Technological Revolution which began between 1870 and 1914, was known as the rapid industrialization that enabled the mass advancement in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, natural resources, an advantage in

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“Two great groups of nineteenth century urban killers – air pollution and water pollution or respiratory and intestinal disease.” - Industry and Empire, Hobsbawm, 1969, p.

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337 Words | 2 Pages

The Industrial Revolution first began in a response to the shortage of nonrenewable fossil fuels during the nineteenth century. Sources of energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas were now replaced with the unlimited energy of water, wind, **** Due to it’s ____ the Industrial Revolution was easily adopted by Europe and then spread to the rest of the world. Europe’s adoption - The industrialization of Europe began due to its web of trade connections, wealth, and growing market for ______. It is because of this network that Industrial Revolution was not only focused in Europe and America, but all around the world.

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Facing difficulties in Europe, many Europeans sought refuge and work in the United States. The “new” immigrants, who were unskilled and illiterate, found jobs in factories(Davidson and Stoff[Page 603]). In an effort to increase profits, industrialists forced their workers to work for long hours, with minimum wages, and sometimes under hazardous conditions. Some Americans began to form Labor Unions. The purpose of Labor Unions was to protect workers rights.

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During the 19th century, the American people were experiencing a revolution concerning both the economy and religion, in what is recognized today as the Market Revolution and the Second Great Awakening. A rapid increase in the population within the countryside, and the development of new technology outburst a change in the economy from one of local exchanges to one governed by capital and capitalists. Family owned businesses began to expand and sold their items not only among a small community, but now products were being shipped to different ports along the colonies. The industrialization movement was rapidly approaching that “Indian removal was necessary for the opening of the vast American lands to agriculture, to commerce, to markets, to

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851 Words | 4 Pages

As the Industrial Revolution came about in the early 1800’s and it had a big impact on not only how people lived, but how long people lived. From the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, the life expectancy of a professional was only to the age of 38, it was 20 years old for a person of the middle class or an average person, and for a laborer in the factories the life expectancy was about 17 years old. (Doc. 8) The reason for terrible numbers is all of the pollution in the air and water throughout the city. From The Graphic magazine, the picture shows the view from the Blackfriars bridge over the River Irwell.

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The Second Industrial Revolution was a phase of rapid industrialization that fueled the growing capitalist economy because it allowed the mass production of goods to be made more effectively. The lure of this industrialization and the job opportunities that arose from it also attracted millions worldwide to immigrate to the United States. With this revolution, however, the government became fraudulent and the country become overpopulated, causing poverty levels to rise in urban centers. From 1877 to 1914, reform movements fostered significant change in the United States society because the social issues that came with the Second Industrial Revolution led reformers to seek to better the lives of ordinary citizens through political change. These

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464 Words | 2 Pages

American Industrial Revolution- The American Industrial Revolution was a period, from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840, that was considerably vital to the economic development of the United States. With this revolution, the result was the replacement of an economy based on manual labor with one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. In the Industrial Revolution, spinning and weaving machines operated by waterpower were replaced by steam. Advances in agricultural techniques and practices resulted in an increased supply of food and raw materials.

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790 Words | 4 Pages

The Industrial Revolution shaped the growing economy at the time in many positive and negative aspects. The Industrial Revolution took place during the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s and was considered to be the “New Industrial.” Many things were brought to the economy at the time due to this occurring; some in which being machinery, technology, production of goods, and even performance. The economy was not the only thing greatly affected by this revolution but the farmers, the working-class, and the middle-class were also affected to a deep extent.

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893 Words | 4 Pages

One of the first people to define the era that is now called the ‘Gilded Age’ was Mark Twain. He described the time period as ‘glittering on the surface, but corrupt underneath.’ Sadly, this statement was quite accurate, for the Gilded Age was sparked by the Second Industrial Revolution, which was a time of innovation but also corruption. Although many aspects of the country were being revolutionized during the Gilded Age, and some people benefited from the changes, these changes also brought about new problems for many other people.     In the late 19th century, technology, inventions, sources of energy, railroads, and the market were all being revolutionized, which is why the era is also appropriately titled the Second Industrial Revolution.

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882 Words | 4 Pages

The Industrial Revolution began over 200 years ago. It changed the way in which many products, including cloth and textiles, were manufactured. It is called a "revolution" because the changes it caused were great and sudden. It greatly affected the way people lived and worked. This revolution helped to bring about the modern world we know today in many ways.

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