The Obedience Study By Stanley Milgram
In the video of the Stanley Milgram Experiment People were given roles as teachers and students. The students had been hooked up to an electrical system were they had been received questions and whenever they had answered incorrectly they received a dosage of electricity and got progressively got stronger each time they were wrong. At a certain point the student stopped responding to pain and the scientist had kept making them give a voltage. Some People discontinued the experiment.
The student and teacher were placed in separate rooms and an instructor was placed in the same room as the teacher. He would then attempt to convince the teacher to continue the experiment even if the student starts crying out or wanting to leave. The teacher was required to “shock” the student if they said an incorrect answer. However, the ‘shocks’ became more intense and came with each incorrect answer. They eventually started getting very dangerous and potentially life threatening.
Switches were clearly labelled with voltage 15-450 volts. The teacher was actually naïve subject but Learner was an actor who didn’t even get a single shock. The purpose of this experiment was to see how far Teacher can go in the critical situation when shocks volts rise and Learner’s pain increased. Screaming and pain of the Learner made Teacher hesitating in proceeding far. To get freedom from this situation, Teacher must disobey to the
This concept sparked a curiosity in psychologist Stanley Milgram to discover how authoritative figures influence a person's decision making---which soon led him to conduct his most famous experiments known today. After watching Nazi generals, one after the other, plead they were only following orders during the Nuremberg trials he took away one main concept; people can, and will blindly follow authority. To test this idea,
I decided to conduct my research on the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE). This study was conducted in August of 1971 by a psychology professor named Phillip Zimbardo. The bases of the study was to focus on the psychology of human behavior, more specifically psychological effects between prison guard and prisoner. The experiment was to last 2 weeks but only lasted 6 days, due to dangerous behavior between the guards and prisoners. Twenty-four people volunteer to participate in the study, out of this group, they were randomly selected to be either prisoner or prison guard.
The first run had the learner get 3 answers correct and 7 answers wrong, resulting in a shock of 105 volts. In the second run, the teacher was told to read a list of words until the learner got the correct pair which meant that the teacher would have to increase the voltage up to 450 volts which were labeled as “Danger Severe Shock”. At around 300 volts the learner would start kicking against the wall and not respond to the teacher anymore. If the teacher failed to shock the learner the experimenter would give 4 responses that urged the teacher to administer the shock. The experimenter would either say “ Please Continue”, “The experiment requires that you continue”, “It is essential that you continue”, or finally “ You have no other choice you must go on”.
Although cultural events such as wars held their importance in American history, documents and treaties, especially those between the years of 1700 to 1812 are evidence to support cultural and social change. They discuss the very principles, many in which we still abide by to this day, ultimately shaping American society by creating laws and rights, government, developing geographic areas and even building relationships. The foundation was rapidly changing in America’s colonies by the year 1700. During this time the colonists were eager to separate themselves from the motherland (Kingdom of England). Although many still hold on to their origin, freedoms from the tyranny of religion and taxation became evident in the eyes of the settlers, and their hopes to achieve this would later be prevalent by the end of the American Revolution and the second Treaty of Paris in 1783.
1) One real life example of the Milgram Obedience Experiment can be seen during Hitler's and the Nazi's reign in Germany from 1933 to 1945. Each Nazi was presumably paid, and if they defied Hitler's demands or higher ranking Nazi's orders they would be executed. As a result, as a fear tactic to ensure their lives. In the decades since the Milgram Experiment, the results have been held up as proof of the depths of ordinary people’s depravity in service to an authority figure. At the time, this had deep and resonant connections to the Holocaust and Nazi Germany.
There are many ways to find out how individuals would react in certain situations, for example, by putting individuals in a simulation. Causing stress and discomfort to individuals in order to gain knowledge is at times necessary. For example, Stanley Milgram’s experiments which focus on obedience to authority and the extent a person is willing to ignore their own ethical beliefs and cause pain to another individual, just because he is ordered to do so. Stanley Milgram writes about his experiments and results in his article “The Perils of Obedience”. In his experiments Stanley Milgram causes subjects who have volunteered to be a part of them some stress and discomfort in order to receive relevant results.
The Milgram experiment and the society Speaking of one of the most renowned psychological experiment, which even replications on TV are done, is the Milgram experiment, on obedience to authority figures. It involves the measurement of how much participants will to obey the authority, in order to explain the reason why soldiers obeyed to allow the Holocaust, the homicides of millions of Jews, happened. With the participants’ roles as a teacher to punish a learner by incrementing degrees of electric shocks, though they didn’t know it’s staged, 65% of them did it to the last under the horrendous moans and the commands of the experimenters, which surpassed the expectation of 1.2%. Milgram himself elaborated two theories, encompassing theory of
The learner, or victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock at all. The point of the experiment is to see how far a person will go in a situation where he is ordered to inflict increasing pain on a protesting victim. Milgram, during his study, noted when a conflict occurred, ”At 75 volts, he grunts; at 120 volts, he complains loudly; at 150, he demands to be released from the experiment. As the voltage increases, his protests become more vehement and emotional. At 285 volts, his response can be described only as an agonized scream.
The "teachers" continued, at the 180 volts mark the "learner" cried out that he cannot take it any longer. Once reaching 300 volts, the fifty-year-old "learner" yelled about his heart condition and begged to be released. At these points, a decent amount of "teachers" halted the experiment while a large percent continued until the final 450 volt question even though the "learner" had stopped responding. At the 150 volt mark those who were going to stop, did so. If I were in this position I would stop at the first sign of discomfort from the "learner."
For example, one study testing the situational role in affecting behavior was done by Philip Zimbardo (1971) in the Stanford Prison Experiment where 22 males were selected depending on their social skills and mental
For every pair that is incorrectly matched the voltage will go up, going all the way up to 450-volt shock. Also each time that the teacher is going to administer a shock they have to iterate the voltage amount. When the experiment begins nothing eventful occurs because the voltage levels are low. As the voltage starts going up we start to hear the learner making noises (uhg), initially the participant does not react. After it happens again we see the participant ask a question regarding the noise, but continues when instructed.
Joshua, a man involved in the experiment, ““I shocked. I feel bad about that. I shocked but I only went to 150, I broke it off at 150.” He keeps repeating this, as though to reassure himself….
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