Literature Review The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of competing approaches to social movements and then proceed to layout the theoretical foundations of the New Social Movement theory. Although numerous theories exist within the social movement literature they can be grouped into three major approaches. The political process theory, organizational theory and resource mobilization theory. In the following section, I will briefly examine these theories before I proceed to the section on New Social Movements theory. The three theories surveyed below do have some merit in explaining parts of the Gezi movement, but all of these theories lack the ability to fully capture the Gezi movement in its totality. The Political Process Theory The political process theory to social movements examines political conditions in which social movements emerge. This theory emphasizes the political structures and …show more content…
Although the mentioned instability in the political system creates opportunities, this is not the only time movements may decide to act. Social movements could use other tactics to create political opportunities by the use of social networks, alliances with other movements and using identity politics to frame collective action (Tarrow, 2011). In the essence of this theory is that social movement’s emergence and endurance are interrelated with the political structure and context. The determinants of the social movement’s life span and power are examined from the political-structural reference point. The greater the political gaps or in other words the weaker the political structure, the increase in opportunities for social movements to emerge and fill in the power vacuum