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The Pros And Cons Of Artificial Selection

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Humans have been successful with manipulating genetic transfer for thousands of years since our nomadic hunter gatherer ancestors settled and started farming animals and cultivating plant crops. Humans used the same principle of natural selection (selection by the environment of the ‘most fitted’) to develop artificial selection (selection by humans of the ‘most fitted’). Artificial selection, also known as ‘selective breeding’ is a procedure that is still carried out in today’s world that which organisms with desirable traits were bred together. It was the earliest form of genetic manipulation. Over the last few decades, along with the advancement of technology, humans have developed sophisticated methods to manipulate genetic information
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As a society we are adapting, changing, and growing every day. Genetic modification is happening; many people are just not aware. Genetic engineering is great for society because it can cause many new advancements for the as in world with no diseases and a world without hunger. “There is a good case for exploring all ideas relevant to our current concerns, no matter where they lead” (Pinker 533). Although no one knows how far genetic enhancing and cloning could go makes it a dangerous idea, does not mean as a society that we ignore it.

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According to Wikipedia, the official explanation for the term natural selection is: the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. Artificial selection, on the other hand, is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular desired traits. These two were first fully expounded by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, and are often put together for comparison. The two combined are now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution. In the following essay, I’m going to state out some differences by focusing on some pros and cons of both of them.

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Natural selection the changing based on the environment, this produces an organism that is better suited to the environment. Some reasons for adaption of individual organelles include physical environments; precipitation and soil conditions or for biological reasons; diseases, competitors, or animals wanting to eat them. Natural selection will take many individual mutations that have been create due to a threat to be transferred to the rest of a species in a given environment. This creates genetically distinct populations known as ecotypes. Natural selection is acting on random variation that chooses the most favorable and inheritable mutation, these organelles will increase their chance to survive and to reproduce.

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Is it worth it to have a society that discriminates and demonizes those who have a lower status in society? Would you like a society where the leaders claim that survival isn’t a right but a privilege that is earned? This is the world of Social Darwinism where people are considered either “weak” or “strong” but not equal. I would like to say that this kind of society would not be good as it would only highlight humanity’s shortcomings. Now, I would like to discuss the history behind this idea and how this society would operate in modern times.

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Artificial Selection Bananas are soft, chewy, and easy to peel. They are sweet and good for your digestive system. Surprisingly, bananas are not naturally made this way. In the wild, bananas were not easy to eat, they were oval with tough thick skin and hard seeds. In order to cut them open you would need a sharp knife and you had to spit out the seeds while eating them.

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Social Darwinists first began influencing Western thought in the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century. They argued that “white European men were wealthier and better because they were more highly evolved than white women, people of color, and any other race”. (the making of the west, Hunt, pg. 724) During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Social Darwinism influenced the lives of European women, colonial subjects, and racial minorities by implementing law and policies to further show their superiority, they “promoted racism and sexist behavior”. (hunt, pg.724)

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Selective breeding, or genetic engineering, is the process of breeding animals for specific qualities. Animals that are endangered are bred like this so the strongest can live on and repopulate the species. Farm animals, like pigs, chickens and cows, are bred specifically so the animal is fat, or produces the more milk or eggs than the average cow or pig. The selectively bred animal that I picked is the layer hen. Selective breeding has many pros and cons.

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Human creation, is a hugely debate to a confusing topic and have no real solid explanation. Because of being controversy of this topic here are some theories, topics, or story of explanation on how people believe on where we or humans are created. This research paper helps us to answer the questions comes in our mind. The “creation of man from clay” is a theme that is being happened or appears in throughout world religions and mythologies.

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Selective breeding, also known as artificial selection, is when humans take the place of nature in breeding two organisms with beneficial characteristics to produce offspring that are strong. Natural selection and artificial selection are both similar in that they both force change in a species by benefiting the organisms with strong characteristics; however, natural selection is a force caused by nature, while artificial selection is when humans choose which organisms survive and reproduce. This process has a long history, especially when humans have bred plants with “beneficial” characteristics to get “stronger” offspring, an example being when cows that produce an ample amount of milk are bred. Several types of selective breeding exist:

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Introduction- Selective breeding, also known as artificial selection, is the process which humans use to create new organisms and the desirable characteristics. This process is done when human/s bring together two animals (such as a cow, dogs or race horses), whom have different characteristics and traits, to breed an offspring which will have part male, and part female characteristics and genetics. People use selective breeding because they own the animals, therefore they get to do what they want with them, they do this to use them for meat or if it is a cow or goat they use them for milk, or a chicken for eggs. They also use selective breeding for the fur, wool or skin of the animal they may be selective breeding. This essay will explain how a dairy cow is used for selective breeding.

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Eugenics is the science of using artificial selection to improve genetic features of the population. It is thought that improvement of the human race can be seen through sterilization of people who exhibit undesirable traits and selective breeding. Often called Social Darwinism, the concept was widely accepted during the time of World War I. It quickly became a taboo after World War II when Nazi Germany used it as an excuse for genocide. The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling.

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Social Darwinism is the result of applying Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution to human society, and one of the forefront Social Darwinists was none other than William Graham Sumner. In general, the concept of Social Darwinism has many pros such as “breeding” out weakness and disease, supporting the strong, and encouraging the development of a more advanced society. It also as many disadvantages, however, such as a smaller gene pool, hindering the weak, and controlling who gets to have children. Using the writings of both Darwin and Sumner, these pros and cons will be explored to prove that the negatives of Social Darwinism outweigh the positives. To begin, the first pro of Social Darwinism is the elimination of weakness and disease.

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Artificial Selection/ Natural Selection When the word artificial comes to my mind fake thoughts run through me, like water runs down your throat. Artificial christmas trees, flowers, foods, anything artificial you can think of, almost everyone has it and has produced it. As you read this, do you have any idea what artificial means? Said on dictionary.com, artificial means produced by humans, not occurring naturally. For example, artificial selection would be taking a wild animal, such as a whale, living in the huge ocean and putting him/her in a place like Seaworld, where they don’t adapt to the environment well, and are not used to the resources and rules.

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Humanity has a long history of using gene manipulation to engineer organisms, from plant grafting, used for the white spruce, tomatoes, and many other plants, to animal hybridization, which has resulted in the mule, and even killer bees. More recently, animals have been cloned from both living and dead hosts. This raises the question: is it intrinsically wrong to manipulate genes? Are the laws of nature violated in the process? If gene manipulation is not intrinsically wrong, should we still do it?

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Is Genetic engineering Safe? Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. Human beings ought to consider the pros and cons of genetic engineering before using it. It is a contentious topic because people have different views of weather genetic engineering is safe or not.

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