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The Pros And Cons Of Genetic Screening

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Genetic Screening in First and Second Trimester According to the March of Dimes, 1 out of 33 babies are born each year in the United States with a birth defect (Darman, 2014). There are over 4,000 different kinds of birth defects, and most can be tested for by genetic screening. Some defects can be very minor, but some also may be so severe that surgical treatment is needed. There are many genetic screenings that can be done in the first and second trimester to check for risks, but they still have their positive and negative effects including: false negative tests, ethical and legal concerns. Speaking about this, genetic screening is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins (What is Genetic Testing, 2016). Genetic screening can also can also confirm rather or not the baby will be getting the suspected genetic condition, or the chance of developing or passing a genetic disorder (What is Genetic Testing, 2016). Genetic screening is completely voluntary and has many emotional aspects that can develop behind it. Along with rather or not you think the screening would be a good or bad thing, but there are genetic counselors that can provide …show more content…

The consent needs to be very clarified with the patient on their behalf to make sure they are aware of the circumstances. The notion of the screening being voluntary needs to be elaborative. Counselling should be explained and available for the patient that would voluntary undergo genetic screenings. The patients also need to be aware of the chance of increasing stigmatization. Some believe that it is not right to terminate the abnormal babies and only keep the ‘perfect’ ones, while others believe that they would be relieving the baby of the amount of stress and discomfort they would have for the rest of their lives (The Nuffield Council,

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Sanders found it unnecessary for a chorionic Villus sampling to find out if her child had a chromosome deformities. She also opt of taking the maternal blood screening test, because she was not at risk (M. Sanders, personal communication, January 30, 2016). The Amniocentesis test help deal with a pregnancy if a disorder is found. Fetal MRI are used for a detail image of the child and often use for to better detect abnormalities. The chorionic villus sampling is use to find genetic defects.

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Some of the tests for diagnosis during pregnancy include ultrasound, amniocentesis, and an AFP (alfa-fetaprotein) test. An ultrasound is a non-invasive test if done abdominally, and oftentimes spina bifida can be seen as a result of the ultrasound. Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac and a sample of amniotic fluid is obtained and tested. If the level of AFP is found to be higher than average, this could be an indication of spina bifida.

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This test was normal and was done to check for jaundice. Many babies will have their hearing tested and a newborn screening tool done before leaving the hospital. The tests are simple and painless and take only a few minutes. The baby hearing test and newborn screen came back within normal

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And finally 3. It is an expensive process because of the how selective it is, therefore would not be economically reasonable. Prenatal screening is recommended to women who have a family history of Rett’s Syndrome, but it is rare for the disorder to occur more than once in a

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As a result many couples were given the diagnosis only at birth. But under a new recommendation from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, doctors have begun to offer a new, safer screening procedure to all pregnant women, regardless of age.” (Harmon, 2007). The nut graph set the rest of the article up to discuss the campaign by parents who are worried about their children with Down Syndrome and their future but also the new advancements giving women of all ages early diagnoses of Down syndrome in the pregnancies and the rate of

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Prenatal screening can help diagnosed this condition. During the 2nd trimester, pregnant women can have a blood test called

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If anything the testing is a preventative measure and beneficial so that parents are aware early on of the disease and are able to take precautions. Hospitals mandating the testing in newborns is not done with wrong intentions and it does not cause any harm to the baby, nor to the parent. It would be better to know at birth about a severe disease then find out later in life, and then be informed that you only have a year or less to live. When testing is done that early, precautions taken from that point forward can be beneficial to the carrier and their family.

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My husband would have the option to perform genetic testing to determine if he has any genetic abnormalities that could affect our child. I would like for him to complete this testing so we could be prepared and informed of the chances of our child having a chromosomal abnormality. Also, my husband would be involved in the IVF portion of PGT if I agreed to this procedure.

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Regardless of the improvements that have been made there is still a risk of miscarriages as a result. This risk factors can be contributed to the invasiveness of the procedure as well as the time during the pregnancy at which it is performed. The later the genetic testing is performed, the more developed the unborn child is and the later the possible abortion would take place. The two most common forms of testing are ¨amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling¨ (Rebouché and Rothenberg 989). Both of these tests ¨[require] extracting cells from the fetus in utero, either through the mother 's abdomen or vagina¨ (Rebouché and Rothenberg 989).

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When Newborn Screening was first introduce in 1961 there were not that many diseases that were able to be tested at that time. With Technology being advance, the screening process screens for over 30 diseases. Apprised consent is not currently a major issue in newborn screening, more states may require it in the future, as it may avail direct future control of samples in a manner consistent with the intrigues of the many individuals involved in newborn screening. So by not requiring Apprised consent more children can be and will be tested to visually perceive if any disease can be detected afore it arise. This is a positive for the incipient expecting mother to be at ease kenning that she can seek treatment for her child if he/she does transpire to contract a disease at the time of

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Dixson (1981) found that one-third of the women surveyed remained uncertain at the time results were received. Also, at times the abnormality diagnosed prenatally, whether by chromosomal analysis, ultrasound, or specific genetic testing, is one for which the implications and prognosis are unclear. Thus, if a woman chooses to continue her pregnancy, anxiety about the outcome may be heightened; and if she elects termination of the pregnancy, she may wonder whether her decision was the "right" one. Another problem to be considered is that the decisions a woman is required to make regarding prenatal genetic testing can be very stressful ones for her and for her partner. For many couples this stress comes at a time especially when their relationship is already being redefined by the expectation of a child.

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An RCT would require >400,000 patients in each arm to have adequate power to detect a difference of 0.05% in loss rates between those who do and do not undergo amniocentesis[37]. Thus, using large scale, multicenter, prospective trials, such as the FASTER Trial, as a surrogate appears to be the best option. Given it was carried out in multiple centers and that there were no specifications as to the technique, the results are generalizable to the larger “national” community. Given that more recent literature suggests loss rates lower than seen in the 1970s, amniocentesis remains a safe option for genetic testing. We believe it is reasonable to counsel patients of an

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Adoption is a legal action to have a child that is not born to the family. The child is released from their parents for legal reasons like neglect or the child is not wanted. These babies and children can be put in foster care or can be adopted.

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The prenatal diagnostics and prenatal screening being routine procedures should be considered as advantage of modern medicine. It helps to reveal wide spectrum of fetus abnormal conditions, but not only congenital defects and malformations. Early detection of many of them could help to perform surgical correction and necessary management as soon as possible in order to save newborns’ lives. On the other hand, this method is widely discussed and it has many opponents, and in some countries prenatal diagnostic procedures is not considered now as a screening method. Main ethical issues are terminations of pregnancies in case of malformations, which may be supposed as eugenical abortion, inform consent and problem of decision-making process.

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