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The Pros And Cons Of Mackinder Right

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Was Mackinder right: does control over Eastern Eu-rope mean command over the world?

The World’s Centre of Gravity has shifted couple thousands kilometres to the East, but ‘As Xian argues ‘’China needs Mackinder’s heartland to reduce the enormous strategic pressure from the eastern Pacific’’ ‘ (Knutsen, 2014, p.18). Of course Mac-kinder is one of the greatest geopolitical thinkers ‘…Mackinder (1861-1947) was that rare beast in British twentieth century public life – a polymath […] The three versions published in 1904, 1919 and 1943 constitute his important legacy in terms of strate-gic thought’ (Slon, 1999, p.15). However, Mackinder lived in time when Europa’s peace look like inaccessible goal. ‘The states of Europe where at war 75 per cent of time in seventeenth century, 50 per cent in the eighteen century, and 25 per cent in the nineteenth century’ (Spykman, 2008, p.26). World’s geopolitics and also the Eu-rope have changed. The Europe form World’s battlefield have become home of the Western values. ‘The Europe is no longer the crude geopolitics of material interests; it is cultural identities and universal value’ (Kuus, 2007, p.4). World’s political and economic centre is shifting to other …show more content…

Mackinder theory is outdated and geopolitical situation have changed. Main reasons are human technological development, raise of new economic and world powers, but Eastern Europe, whit help of the

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In the two-step dance with China, the European nations raced to carve China into mercantile spheres of influence. The U.K fought repeated opium wars. Nonetheless, the U.S maintained a more nuanced, enlightened open door policy built upon free markets. Additionally, the administration in the U.S pursued a relatively peaceful policy Vis a Vis China based upon shared interests in trade and political stability (Nathan & Gilley, 2003). China has since loomed large on Vietnam’s international decision making.

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The repsonse of both the Ottoman Empire and Japan were comparable, in essence they both adopted imperalistic ambitions to contain the encroachment of European and American state(s) into their spheres of influence in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. The west’s encounters with these polities facilitated the west to become increasingly interested in the commercial opportunities of the various aforementioned regions in order to promote foreign trade and obtain a strategic positioning in their foreign affairs. The response of both polities was one that blatanly disavowed European imperalism as a method of development and pursed counter-measures to contain further encroachment by performing similar warfare strategies to limit European influence in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Ultimately the acquistion of territory by European states demonstrated that warfare at sea is essentially a contest about maritime lines of communication.

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The Vietnam War changed the way Americans faced there every day lives. The United States had to weather a variety of different circumstance the country has yet to face. Including, the decision to end the draft, change the voting age, passing the War Powers act, economic spending decreasing, and mistrust in the government. The United States had to create and enforce a couple new political policies.

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The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with

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The British Empire had one of the most powerful navies in the world, and when it comes to naval battle, Britain will overwhelm the East. The East like Dracula cannot roam the international waters as freely as

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Nationalism, Militarism, and the alliance system combined with the spark of a tragedy was all it took to throw the world into a blaze of chaos. From assignation combined with rivalry spawned a conflict that no nation in the world would be free of. The rivalry between the countries of Europe creating militaries inflated to sizes never need other than to be to bigger army. The nationalism putting stress onto the people and leaders of each country, as pride in one’s nation shifts from a force for good to a cause of war. The alliance system aided by Nationalism and Militarism caused one of the largest conflicts of the world.

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Among other explanations, it is consistent with China's growing strengths relative to the status-quo powers, thus giving rise to the corresponding ascendancy of the Confucian-Mencian paradigm. It seems that at this time in the post-Cold War, the Confucian-Mencian paradigm is approaching an equilibrium with the Sunzi paradigm in their influence on Chinese security policy, which is best illustrated by the recent Taiwan Strait and Mischief Reef crises. While one can clearly detect a dominant streak of the Sunzi paradigm, the Confucian-Mencian paradigm had apparently worked towards preventing China from resorting to force in both cases, probably for reason of not wanting to excessively jeopardise the regional stability. Otherwise, China would at least have shelled Kinmen and Matsu, as in 1958; and taught Philippines "lessons" as in the 1988 showdown with Vietnam over the

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