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Racial profiling and perception
Racial profiling and perception
Racial profiling and perception
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More handpicked essays just for you.
Racial profiling and perception
Racial profiling and perception
Racial profiling and perception
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Stop and frisk has been a highly conversed topic within the general public within recent years. Many people think that these are just a way to profile possible offenders and treat them as guilty before they do anything wrong. Our book describes how that is not true because a stop and frisk must meet certain requirements in order to be valid. A major case that was held in regards to stop and frisk was Terry v. Ohio and this case determined that a police officer must meet two requirements in order for the stop to be valid. The first one is that either a crime has been committed or will be committed and the suspect is possibly armed and dangerous.
The authors suggest that interventions aimed at reducing implicit biases and racial anxiety may be effective in reducing the incidence of police use of force against minority groups. They also emphasize the importance of addressing the connections of race and other social identities in understanding police behavior. As the article that was previously mentioned research has discovered that people of color tend to be “stopped, searched, arrested, and convicted of crimes, even when controlling for factors such as crime rates and other demographic characteristics” more than white individuals (Spencer). This goes on to show the logical reasoning behind the existence and impact of racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Much of this information is gathered from academic resources provided on the school library website or from other educational institutes.
Researchers and Black people are not the only ones who recognize that racial profiling is a problem — even some government organizations do. A page on the National Institute of Justice’s website admits, “people of color are more often stopped than whites” (National Institute of Justice). Clearly, racial profiling by police officers is an existing issue and something must be done to put an end to this horrible practice. Fortunately, there are several methods for how police departments can reduce racial profiling against Black
The New York Police Department’s use of “Stop-and-Frisk” is based on the Supreme Court case of Terry vs. Ohio in 1968. In this case, the Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment, prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures, is not violated when an officer stops and frisks a person on the street without probable cause to arrest, if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person has or is about to commit a crime, and if he has reason to believe the person could be armed and dangerous. In recent years, the NYPD’s use of Stop-and-Frisk has been criticized as unconstitutional and a form of racial profiling. The NYPD’s name for Stop-and-Frisk is a 250, and it is an effective tactic for proactive policing, as evidenced by the decline in crimes
The Consequences of Disparate Policing: Evaluating Stop and Frisk as a Modality of Urban Policing. Minnesota Law Review, 101(6),
Procedural Justice and Order maintenance policing: A study of inner- city young men’s perceptions of police legitimacy • There is tension between the core tenets of procedural justice and those of order maintenance policing • Research has shown that citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice influence their beliefs about police legitimacy, yet at the same time, some order maintenance policing efforts stress frequent stops of vehicles and persons for suspected disorderly behavior. • Citizens stopped for low level offenses may view such stops as a form of harassment, as they may not believe they were doing anything to warrant police scrutiny. • The word “aggressive” is used here to describe the frequency of stop-and-frisks and other order maintenance activities, not the manner in which they are conducted. • Stop-and-frisks—can harm police–citizen relations. Stop-and-frisks are commonly used by police departments that seek to reduce social
2005, An Analysis of the NYPD 's stop and frisk policy in the context of the claim of racial bias by Andrew Gelman, Jeffrey Fagan, Alex Kiss is about the NYPD records of indicated that they were stopping black and Hispanics more often that they were stopping whites. Minorities are stopped twice as often for violent crimes and a weapons offense. Lower "hit rates" for non-whites is suggested as the targeting of minorities while another suggests dynamics of racial stereotyping and a more passive form of racial preference. Racial Incongruity stops in high rates of minority stop in predominantly white precincts. Being out of place is often a reason for suspicion.
The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment became designed to test, empirically, the validity of one of the more important strategies of modern policing: routine, random patrol, visibility, motorized. The most important, although sometimes implicit, the objectives of this plan are to deter crime, arrest offenders, and reduce the fear of offense. Nevertheless, entrenched as this strategy might have been, by the early 1970s no credible evidence or precise measurement had become presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of such an approach. Therefore, to disclose this evidence gap, a task force, including researchers from the supervisors the police foundation, and patrol officers of the South Patrol Division in Kansas City Police Department’s,
Predictive policing reinforces the intrinsically unjust systemic racism that plagues this country by promoting over-policing in neighborhoods of color (Viterbi Conversations in Ethics 2022). According to the Conversations in Ethics team at the University of Southern California (USC), these communities “should not have to suffer increased law enforcement activity and increased suspicion of their actions just because a computer program used biased data and recommended that police patrol their neighborhood.” (Viterbi Conversations in Ethics
Their purpose is so find and remove weapons from the streets as well as gain information to find and solve crime sprees. In addition, one of the important reasons of this practice is to send future and current criminals that at any time they could receive a stop and frisk (Bergner, D.,2014). For instance, in New York City from 1990 to 2013 there was around a seventy-five percent decrease of major felonies (Bandler, A., 2016). This was all because of ‘protective policing’ which includes stop and frisk. The City of New York has recently banned the practice of the stop and frisk, subsequently, the homicide rates have increased nearly twenty percent and gun crime has continued to increase for two consecutive years (Bandler, A.,
Poe’s relation to The Cask of Amontillado The story “The Cask of Amontillado” is a short story full of revenge, hatred and ultimately death. Many believe that this story is made entirely from Poe’s imagination. In reality, Poe used events that occurred in his own life to write the majority of the plot in this story. Poe based most of the story off of his alcohol addiction, his family’s deaths from tuberculosis, and the dark and often macabre times that he had experienced in his life.
Stop and Frisk Stop and Frisk, the tactic that has been going on for only for short time, yet there seems to be racial tension already. But is this new information actually true or is it just good policing? According to Heather Mac Donald from the Manhattan Institute, says “what looks like racial profiling might just be good policing”. However according to Ranjana Natarajan from the Washington post “it’s clear that two issues need to be addressed: racial profiling and police use of excessive force.” Unfortunately we cannot have both ways.
There has been many controversial issues about the “stop-and-frisk” law. One side believes that it is racially profiling the communities of minorities and the other side believes that it is helping communities rise away from violence. There is a lot of history and background on stop-and-frisk and how it originated in the United States, especially in different places around the world. This law has been very controversial even within the law itself, so controversial states are debating on getting rid of it completely. Many politicians speak on this tactic in both positive and negative ways and the statistical growths and decreases on this topic.
Technology is changing our relationship to the law. There is a new software, Pre Poll which is supposed to help law enforcement agencies reduce the amount of crime, by predicting crimes that will happen and directing them towards those areas with the help of algorithm. These predictions are turned into 500 foot by 500 foot red boxes on a map, showing the areas that police officers should focus on when they’re not actively responding to a call. Police officers say that it reduces crime by up to 30%. This method is called ”predictive policing” which is being used by plenty of police departments already.
Throughout history, disputes and tensions between law enforcement officials and communities of minorities have endured hostility and violence between each other. Racial profiling has become a “hot topic” for researchers as well as for politicians and by now it is likely that most citizens are at least aware of the common accusations of racial bias pitted against law enforcement (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Communities of color are being discriminated against and racially profiled by white police officers for any suspicion of criminal activities. It has been widely assumed by policy makers and citizens alike that allegations of racial profiling are mostly associated with the policing practices of white officers and their treatment of racial and ethnic minorities (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Also, individuals of minority descent will certainly recognize that they are being racially profiled during a stop that is being conducted by a white police officer.