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Iroquois Religion In The 17th Century

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The 17th century was a dynamic period for the Americas in regard to the relationship between native tribes and European colonists. “A Veritable Account of the Martyrdom and Blessed death of Father Jean de Brebeuf and of Father Gabriel L’Alemant, in New France (near present-day Québec, Canada), in the country of the Hurons, by the Iroquois, enemies of the Faith” was written by Father Paul Ragueneau and delves into this relationship and describes a specific interaction that occurred in 1649 in New France (present day Canada) where a Catholic priest, Jean de Brebeuf, was killed during an Iroquois raid of a Huron village. During this period, the cultures of the Huron and Iroquois tribes and the French settlers, specifically Catholics, were vastly …show more content…

Therefore, when members of their mission are mocked and killed, it is viewed as a deliberate attack on their faith. Moreover, Father Paul Ragueneau described the Iroquois as “enemies of the Faith” as a result of this attack. Because of these views, the French saw this attack as “[venting] their rage on the two Fathers…”. They did not understand the intricacies of the Mourning Wars at this time because they were completely different from the wars that they were used to. The French fought wars for economic power and territory while the Iroquois did not prioritize this. Because of this, the missionaries’ natural conclusion was that it was an attack on the French people and their faith. The martyrdom of Brebeuf was perceived very differently between the Iroquois and the French because of the knowledge or lack of knowledge that they held at the time of the event. The Iroquois tribe viewed this event as a traditional Mourning War and as trying to fill the needs of their tribe while the French missionaries saw it as an intentional attack on their faith and their mission. The disconnect in these two narratives added additional tension to an already difficult situation between the two groups. This is because the truths held by one group were vastly different form the views held by the

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This article’s title is “Inseparable Companions” and Irreconcilable Enemies: The Hurons and Odawas of French Detroit, 1701-38 and its author is Andrew Sturtevant. The thesis in this article is the sentence, “The Hurons ' and Odawas ' simmering hostility and eventual conflict demonstrate that native groups survived the Iroquois onslaught and that their interaction profoundly shaped the region”. In this article, Sturtevant is arguing that the Huron and Odawa are distinct nations with different culture and that because of the differences they had many disagreements, not simply because of the colonialism by the French. Sturtevant uses direct quotes from primary sources to show that the distinct nations fought because of their own differences,

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The English had come more prepared and well aware of what they were stepping into, they brought provisions and supplies, even though they struggled. It was not until the Jamestown settlement was established in 1607, a full twenty years after John White bade farewell to his colonists, that the next serious attempts where undertaken by the English to find out what happened to the colony in 1587 (Fullam 128). In early 1609, the Royal Council in England received shocking news from Jamestown that Wahunsunacock, Chief Powhatan, had slaughter the 1587 colonist (Fullman 155). Unfortunately, the Powhatan’s cooperation was necessary for the success of the colony (Fullman 157). But 1608, a letter from John Smith was delivered to the Royal Council with evidence that the Powhatan Indians weren’t connected to the Lost Colony.

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Historians differ on what they think about the net result of the European arrival in the New World. Considering that the Columbian Exchange, which refers to “exchange of plants, animals, people, disease, and culture between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas after Columbus sailed to the Americas in 1492,” led to possibly tens of millions of deaths on the side of the American Indians, but also enabled agricultural and technological trade (Henretta et al. 42), I cannot help but reflect on whether the effects should be addressed as a historical or a moral question. The impact that European contact had on the indigenous populations of North America should be understood as a moral question because first, treating it as a historical question is difficult due to lack of reliable historical evidence; second, the meaning of compelling historical claims is contestable as the academic historian perspective tends to view the American Indian oral history as invalid; and finally, what happened to the native Indians is morally repulsive and must be discussed as such. The consequences of European contact should be answered as a moral question because historically, it is hard to be historically objective in the absence of valid and dependable historical evidence.

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A. Religious and spiritual misinterpretation occur frequently throughout the Jesuit documents. These misunderstandings are justified throughout these historical documents and provide a clear Native belief system to the subjective recordings of the Jesuits who detailed these connections. These documents accompanied the encroachment of New France in Northeast America, published annually in France beginning of 1632 and actively read by interested Europeans. The documents not only reflect on environment and cultural practices of Native Americans, yet also the subjective observations and biases of the missionaries who detailed their first interactions.     Certain passages of history are more interesting than those which record the efforts of

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Iroquois Confederacy was an association of five tribes named Mohawk, Oneida, Onandaga, Cayuga, Seneca. The conference was characterized by a peaceful pact between the tribes. In 1700, the Tuscarora tribe joined to the confederacy making the Six Nations Iroquois. Each tribe was compound by two moieties, and each moiety was compound by one or more exogamous clans. The Iroquois Confederacy had a huge importance in America History because they were the immense native American political group that fought with French and England settlement of the America.

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The French became more involved in the new world sending over more migrants to populate their colonies, which led to the Jesuits being able to abandon more gentler forms of diplomacy and spread their agenda more effectively. Father Pierron deliberately attempted to cause trouble between the French and the Mohawk as he believed that the presence of France gave him immunity to freely “denounce mohawk customs, calling on those present to convert to Christianity” even though the Mohawks resisted these calls (JR 142). Father Pierron uses the idea of war to achieve his goals diplomatically by spreading a rumor that he intended “to go to Quebec” and that his stay in the village is what was needed “in order to main the peace”(JR 143,144). Father

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was by Native Americans around 3,000 years ago. The Iroquois nation ultimately developed into a well-organized cooperative of five different tribes and inhabited the northern mountains from approximately 1300 BC. Eventually large populations of the Iroquois moved south and evolved into what would become the Cherokee nation of the southern Appalachians. By the mid 1500’s, there was random contact with Europeans mostly involving the fur trade. As the Europeans, inhabitants of what were now British colonies, migrated toward less inhabited areas of the continent, it became obvious that an easy route to the frontier was to travel the mountain ranges from north to southwest – from Pennsylvania to the valleys of western North Carolina (Gale).

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England and France are at war over dueling claims to the Spanish throne, and the conflict has spread to the North American colonies where the Mohawk tribes have become aligned with the French. On February 29th, 1704, the war comes to the small New England town of Deerfield. The town is brutally attacked by a Mohawk raiding party and set on fire. Some of the residents are killed and scalped, some escaped, and others are captured and taken back to the territory of New France in what is now Canada. The target of the raid was Deerfield’s prominent reverend, John Williams, who was planned to be traded for the French captain Jean Baptiste Guyon, who was currently being held by the English.

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They are often labeled as uncivilized barbarians, which is a solely false accusation against them. This paper aims to address the similarities between Native American beliefs and the beliefs of other cultures based on The Iroquois Creation Story in order to defeat the stereotype that Natives are regularly defined by. Native Americans are commonly considered uncivilized, savage, and barbarian. Nevertheless, in reality the Natives are not characterized by any of those negative traits, but rather they inhabit positive characteristics such as being wise, polite, tolerant, civilized, harmonious with nature, etc. They have had a prodigious impact on the Puritans

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