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The Seminole Summary

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This story of the Seminoles’ struggles for identity and sovereignty is a microcosm of the true horrors inflicted on Indian nations by the federal government. The Seminoles remarkably defied federal, state, and local government pressures of removal in the early nineteenth century. They also disputed Creek insistence on tribal consolidation, and other Indian nation claims to their property. Among the federal tactics were the illegal removals, and treaties that meant little to the federal government when land, as part of Manifest Destiny, and wealth the federal government sought entered the equation. The Seminoles also endured the paternalism, coercion tactics, and pressures from Bureau of Indian Affairs agents who made promises to them that were frequently broken. At the Territory and local level, legislation would pass to limit their mobility and interaction with Whites. This was a story of a people’s rebellion and quest for sovereignty, one that came at the expense of tribal disagreements, internally and externally, and separate battles with the Creek Indians and the federal government. What legitimately created an Indian nation? Certainly, the Seminole’s …show more content…

Seminoles) definitely deserved a closer analysis of the trends and gaps in the historiography, and hopefully avoid only reflecting the systematic hierarchies dominating the recent research. This story also hopes to expose Seminole history as part of the larger Native American narrative by giving an account of the treaties that were ignored or poorly scrutinized in most, if not all publications about the Seminoles. The story should reflect the interaction and different perceptions among the players (Americans, Creeks, Blacks, Seminoles, etc.) as a reality constantly being negotiated despite the "permanence" of a treaty or a Supreme Court decision. And how the enduring Seminole struggles for identity resulted in the recognition of their

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The name "Seminole" came about from the tribe's original name of yat'siminoli meaning "free people". That was the name the Seminoles had referred to themselves as because of their refusal to be conquered and converted by the "white man". The Seminole Tribe has long had a unique history with both the land of the Southeastern United States, and with the government of the United States. Their relationship with the land has been drastically altered as the result of three Seminole wars which displaced and relocated the Seminole tribe. As a result of the persecution by President Andrew Jackson, members from a variety of tribes in the Southeast United States began migrating into Spanish Florida to seek refuge.

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Settlers were against any treaties that didn’t include either the “extermination of the Seminoles or the relocation of all surviving Indians to the west. Any attempts by the army officers to make peace that would allow the Seminoles to remain in Florida was opposed by settlers and whenever possible they attempted to persuade Congress to accept nothing less than relocation. This is shown by the memorial the citizens of St John sent to Congress in 1841. They sent the message as a response to rumors of a treaty with the Seminoles which would allow the Seminoles to keep living in Florida. The settlers made it clear that they were against the treaty.

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Having ratified the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821, the United States officially purchased Florida from Spain. Taking control, American officials concluded the Treaty of Moultrie Creek two years later which established a large reservation in central Florida for the Seminoles. By 1827, the majority of the Seminoles had moved to the reservation and Fort King (Ocala) was constructed nearby under the guidance of Colonel Duncan L. Clinch. Though the next five years were largely peaceful, some began to call for the Seminoles to be relocated west of the Mississippi River. This was partially driven by issues revolving around the Seminoles providing sanctuary for escaped slaves.

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This negotiation between the two showed the importance to others in the history of how the Seminoles were not willing to back down on their ideals and would not be oppressed. Because of this treaty, we now have a deeper understanding of the Seminole Nation and how they felt. The Seminole Tribes' treaties hold much importance in history, showing us how they had to negotiate and resist the United States and others as well. This treaty is more noticeable than the rest because it explains to us how they had to negotiate with the United States about their people's freedom, ideals, and the safety of others before them. This treaty not only helped show us where the Seminole Nation's destiny would go, but also helped provide interesting interactions between the communities.

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The “loose association” among the Seminole bands and disagreements among members within the bands gave rise to many unknowns about the intentions behind those who signed the treaty, and those Seminoles in Florida who refused to accept the authority of the chiefs who travelled to the Indian Territory. Furthermore, the African Americans among the Seminoles, including Abraham, were convinced that moving to the Indian Territory, where the Creeks occupied the land, risked re-enslavement. Like many white planters, the Creeks persisted with federal claims on escaped slaves who sought refuge among the Seminoles. The African Americans, Abraham among them, fearing this, worked hard at convincing the Seminole Indians to oppose removal.

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