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Religions in the ancient world
Religion in mesopotamia, egypt, rome and greece
Religion in mesopotamia, egypt, rome and greece
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In class we talked about many issues surrounding the Etruscans and our understanding of Etruscan societies based off of the ruins and artifacts that they left behind. At one point during class we discussed how temples were often built to accent a natural feature such as a stream, river, or a hill. We also discussed the differences between scared and non-sacred boundaries in Etruscan societies. I would like to look back on these discussions for a moment and contribute some new thoughts that I hadn’t necessarily worked out earlier In both the Edlund and the Warden articles they discuss how in Etruscan society everything was sacred and under “divine protection” and that there was no division between the divine and the earthly.
In understanding religion, there are two popular schools of thought; one school of thought relates to the saying “as above, so below”, meaning the rules, norms, and values of the divine world – the world above – influence the rules, norms, and values of the human, secular world – the world below. The other school of thought relates to the saying “as below, so above”, meaning the rules, norms, and values of the human, secular world – the world below – are projected onto divine beings – the world above – which then reflect those rules, norms, and values back onto human, secular society, allows the rules, norms, and values to be reinforced. Many scholars are divided between these two schools of thought; two such scholars being Mircea Eliade and
In this section, Coe describes the Mayan beliefs of spiritual beings, and what happens during the time in the afterlife(218). The underworld also called Xibalba translated to “place of fright” which is a place that is multi-layered with nine levels. This corresponds to the afterlife gods “ Lords of the Night” (218). Xivabva is where many Maya souls are believed to go after death, and the holiest and purest souls travel past this area to ascend to the sun and moon (similar to our the belief of heaven). Therefore during death, a person 's spirit will travel to this area, and perhaps travel beyond, little information is provided on this process.
A social order refers to a particular set or system of linked social structures, institution, relations, customs, and practices. Mainly the South’s social order was on slaves, so the North thought that the social order may spread from region of the U.S, to another. In the North, they would use immigrants for labor, but it was
Davis Tolar The Great Awakening The Great Awakening was a religious revival that garnered much of its attention in the 1730s and 1740s. The American colonies would become affected by the actions of the Awakening, leaving a mark on religious and cultural history. This movement would have significant effects on individual lives and identities, promoting many to reevaluate their own lives and beliefs, through an emphasis on spirituality and the religious experience.
As societies switched to an agricultural focus, the need for an all-powerful leader became necessary to delegate responsibilities such as rationing food and appointing jobs. As mentioned in the packet, Ancient Religions, the leader began to influence the shift from a hunter gatherers anamistic religion to a mono and polytheistic belief system. An anamistic religion can be described where the people and the gods are equals, even to the extent where they barter with the gods. Where as, mono and poytheistic religions have one or many gods, which often have human like faults. As the leader became one to fear, people began to worship the gods out of fear.
In Of Our Spiritual Strivings, the main concept that WEB DuBois had to share were the dangers of double-consciousness and how the idea that a Veil exists between Caucasians and African Americans. He came to realize this when he was at school and they were passing around post cards and one of the children had refused to give him a card because of his skin color. He then realized at that moment that there was a veil between the Caucasians and African Americans. I did find it interesting that he hadn’t had the desire to attempt to remove the veil. DuBois’ desire was for African Americans to hopefully stay close to their roots but also at the same time without integrating into the white culture.
The history of war is marked by ever increasingly powerful and odious weapons, but of all the weapons of war both ancient and modern none is more dastardly than chemical warfare. The very use of chemical warfare has been outlawed since WW1 and will get you charged with war crimes if you are found using it. Chemical warfare, is tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, poisonous, or asphyxiating gases. This is the definition as listed in the Merriam Webster dictionary. Chemical warfare in WW1 was deplorable because it was used extensively on the Western front, the chemical gasses had many effects and properties, the soldiers were scarred mentally by the memory of the gas, and the bodies suffered horrible internal
The reason Hinduism is so varied is due to the variety of texts and scriptures that makeup the Hindu belief system. Many of these beliefs were not originally written down, rather much like Buddhism; they were simply passed down generation to generation. The Rig Vedas, is known as the most important of the Hindu scriptures due to the account of the origin of the universe. (Molloy 2013) Although the Vedas are the primary scriptures, there are others including Agama, Tantra, etc.
There is a direct contrast between being the original creator of a group of people versus being a member of that society. It is more effective for societies to create these religious icons to better manage their people. This causes the hierarchy to run more efficiently because the citizenry listens to their religious figure more than a governmental institution. The lines between sexes are also drawn. Men being represented by the sun are given more physical gender role, while women are giving more sedentary activities such as agriculture.
They believed that if the deceased had lived a wholesome and noble life then the would go and join the sun in the sky. But if the deceased had an evil spirit then they would live the lonely, cold underworld for eternity. People: The Incan people had a hierarchy that was organised into four different sections. At the top of the hierarchy was the Sapa Inca. The Sapa Inca was the ruler of the Inca empire and was viewed as a god.
The Egyptian past contains religion, government, and writing and those are the major things that makes Egypt what it is. Religion in Egypt is so important because it made people praise and fear it at the same time. The government in Egypt is also important because they made the important decisions like to trade with other Empires or not. The writing in Egypt is so unique and so contradistinct. The Egyptian Empire will always be remembered because of these things that happened in Egypt.
They looked up to the forces of nature such as rain, wind, water and sun. Mesopotamia civilization believed that the forces of nature are inhabited by spirits. This was known as animism. This also went hand in hand with their cosmological point of view. Ancient China agricultural communities linked local spirits with natural forces.
Not only do these shared themes point to an innate psychology present in all people in every culture, but perhaps even to a direct influence of “The Epic of Gilgamesh” on these holy texts. In the book of Genesis, the creation story of The Old Testament, God creates all things, the earth and the Heavens. He makes the animals and then finally mankind to watch over it all, as God says, “Let us make a human in our image...to hold sway over the fish...and all the crawling things that crawl upon this earth” (2. 1-4). Depending on the variation of the story, God either creates both Adam and Eve from soil, or Adam from soil and then Eve from his rib to be his companion.
Then somehow Love was born bringing a start of order.” so the Gods that created the Earth in Greek Mythology kind of just made the rules on their own. Therefore they are different in the way that they decide to split up the characteristics of the Earth (Cr. Iris
