The Utilitarian And Deontological Aspects Of Bioethics

Introduction
Bioethics is prepared intellectually to fulfil a task and to provide clarity for debates of complex issues (Garrett, 2015). In addition, this paper explores two broad perspectives of bioethics; the utilitarian and deontological aspects of bioethics. Also, culture has an impact on the choice of bioethics structure chosen, which influence one’s perception and judgement.

Bioethics was developed to manage certain ethical issues that arose from the advent of modern biotechnology. In the year 1971, bioethics was known as integrative principles that may include humanity’s obligation to the entire environment. Since then, bioethics is defined as regular structures in life sciences that contribute to practical appraisal

However, for this paper two ethical aspects will be analyzed on behalf of the bioethics framework; the deontological and utilitarian perspective. From a deontological perspective, the duties of one’s action stems from the justification of one’s outcome, although the outcome may not necessarily be beneficial to society (Mandal et al., 2016). Hence, the action taken by the hospital to override Samantha’s decision for medical treatment will be unethical from a deontological perspective because they did not respect the patient’s autonomy and privacy. Mainly because deontology respects the rights of all individuals, so the action will be right if it follows the rules. According to Bingham (2012), touching a patient without consent is wrong and this action can lead to legal issues because by law it is an assault. Therefore, it will be morally right for Samantha to leave the hospital or seek medical treatment at another institution without any

According to Hall (2010), bioethics currently face crisis of purpose, principles, expectations, and authority. So these issues makes it more difficult to decide which principles should be selected for various arguments. For example, terms such as patient autonomy, doctor responsibility, and non-malfeasance does not direct or guide how to apply those values in real life circumstances. Thus, one cannot always separate themselves from the principles and unique situations that may occur among doctors and health care officials. Furthermore, culture has an effect on the decisions people make when facing healthcare dilemmas. Johnstone (2012) mentioned that although it is assumed that bioethics will provide basic direction on how to resolve arguments, this information was not established. In fact, what has been established is ethics and the various structures of ethics have been and continue to be culturally constructed. In addition, culture provides the outline for human survival because it has a crucial and important role in mediating people’s values, beliefs, perceptions, and understanding in the way people live and interpret