##Theoretical Progression of the effects of crime news reporting
Early ideologies and research applied to crime news reporting alined with the deterrence model of classical criminology::?::, and was used as a justification for the, at the time, graphic reporting practices of the Victorian era (Lotz, 1991 p. ::?::). Pultizer who was among the first reporter to employ the highly criticized reporting practice held that he fully supported the ::deterrence:: doctrine and believed his reporting practices made the consequence of violent crime self evident to the public (Lotz, 1991 p. ::?::; ::?::). The exaggeration and over-representation of crime news in the press has been prevalent since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Caldwell,
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Which was later incorporated into a preliminary criminologist analysis of crime news reporting (Cadwell, 1932; ::?::). Early crime news research later applied social disorganization theory to support the assertion that crime news in newspapers had an effect on crime rates (::?::), in that they generated criminal behavior (Wilcox, 1900). These sociologist researchers were concerned that newspapers’ ability to cause “national” and “social class” dysfunction by creating or inciting prejudices, presenting the public unimportant information, and possible detriments to juveniles’ reading skills (Wilcox, 1900). Criminological research of crime news reporting similarly followed the rise of sensationalist crime reporting and it’s effects on city environments (Wilcox, 1900), with focus on the morality of graphic narrative crime reporting (Leroy, 1991).
This theoretical view point predated both theories and was later abandoned due to the lack of a noticeable macro level effect, if crime news was not present in newspapers little to no noticeable effect occurred with reported crime rates (:: Davis 1952::). Thus the theories concerning newspaper crime reporting and social disorganization shifted from the apparent tautology (::?::) they were developed under. Even though the data collected for the era was substantial and statistically significant, the actual hypothesis and measures were tautological in their subjective language and ideological