Muscle Tendon Syndrome

1. INTRODUCTION:
The malady trigger finger earns its name from the painful popping or clicking sound elicited by flexion and extension of the involved digit. First described by Notta in 1850 [1], it is caused by a difference in diameters of a flexor tendon and its retinacular sheath due to thickening and narrowing of the sheath. Though often referred to as stenosing tenosynovitis [2].
Several causes of trigger finger have been proposed, though the precise etiology has not been elucidated. Understandably, repetitive finger movements and local trauma are possibilities [3-4], with such stress and degenerative force also accounting for an increased incidence of trigger finger in the dominant hand [5-6]. There are reports linking trigger finger

The aim of the study was to find prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in musicians. Out of 507, 12% of subjects were diagnosed with trigger finger (muscle-tendon syndrome). The causes explained in the study were carrying heavy instruments and repetitive movements of fingers [11].
A retrospective review of 130 professional musicians was done by Katherine Butler and Ian Winspur in London, UK in 2009. Data regarding their medical condition, instrument played, length of time off the instrument following surgery and the time taken to return to full normal professional playing were recorded and analyzed. According to the data analysis only 0.8% of subjects were found to have trigger finger, total time off instruments was 2 weeks and total time until full playing was 5 weeks [12].
A cross sectional study conducted by Danit Langer et al, at School of Occupational Therapy, Hadassah and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel in 2016. The study reports that the incidence of trigger finger in general population is 2.6% and 10% in diabetes patients

The study reports that the Guitarists are vulnerable to the type of tenosynovitis known as trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis). In guitarists, the middle and ring fingers are the most frequently affected [14].
A systematic review of the literature was conducted by Paula ECG Nielsen et al, at Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark in October 2010. In her study she reported about the relationship between repetitive fast movements of hands and tendonitis included de Quervain’s disease, trigger finger, and tendnitis/tenosynovitis. The prevalence of tendon injuries including trigger finger was 10.8% in high repetitiveness and 0.6% in low repetitiveness [15].
A study was conducted by S. Sheibani-Rad et al, at McLaren Regional Medical Center/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, United States in 2013 on hand disorders in musicians. In the study she explained about upper extremity disorders in musicians and she placed tendon injuries in the category of overuse syndrome. Author discussed about other injuries in the study where it was reported that 22% of musicians suffer entrapment neuropathy and the nerves seen entrapped mostly were median and ulnar nerves. The string players were more prone to nerve entrapment neuropathies than other musicians. The study also reports about the presence of TOS in flautists and the prevalence ranges from 9% to 13% [16].