Trypsin Research Paper

The two digestive proteases, chymotrypsin and trypsin, have undergone mutation to form another protein which is involved in the nutrient intake of a multicellular organism such as the human being, but which also produces an immunologic response weapon for countering bacterial infections. Elastase, chymotrypsin and trypsin all have an active site located in their polypeptide sequence before protein folding. After folding they are able to break the peptide bonds of proteins. As seen in Figure 1, the black circles are conserved as amino acids within the protein sequence. The three enzymes are structurally similar as pre-folding polypeptides (in Figure 1) and have active binding pockets (the coloured circles). This means they may have originated

It is what has been known as the powerhouse (battery) for the cell, as it produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from a chemical source like glucose. It is involved in many other cellular tasks such as cell apoptosis, cellular differentiation and signalling pathways. It is an example of a genomic structure inside a eukaryote which has adapted to its host cell. It is theorised that the mitochondria was once a separate organism and in fact, the origin of the organism was from the prokaryote species. This is because the mitochondria are capable of having an oxidative mechanism to produce large amounts of energy for cellular processes. This is done by having an acid environment of H+ in the intermembrane space between the outer and inner membrane and then having an ATP synthase to create ATP from ADP and Pi. Eukaryotes are not capable of performing this process so therefore the mitochondrion, when it was a separate organism, was engulfed by phagocytosis into the eukaryotes. However, instead of the eukaryote cell destroying the mitochondrion organism with lysosomes, it decided to keep it as a functional organelle that was capable of most of the cellular energy production. This is one of the ways that unicellular organisms evolve to survive in hostile environments. They accumulate genes which are from other organisms to incorporate into their own genome or cytoplasm so these mitochondria provide a beneficial feature to the cell. The mitochondria divide by binary fission, (Toit, 2015)which is very similar to prokaryote cell division, while the eukaryotic cell divides by mitosis or meiosis (in gonad cells). In meiosis the embryo gets all of its mitochondria from the mother’s