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Tuskegee Experiment Research Paper

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Unethical experiment in medical history: Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

The Tuskegee experiment of untreated syphilis was one of the most horrible scandals in America, which was effected on American medicine in the 20th century. It was Untreated Syphilis in the African American Male is the longest nontherapeutic experiment on human in medical history. For a period of forty years, from 1932 to 1972 doctors and medical staff viewed 400 men in Alabama die in a scientific research experiment taking into based on unethical methods that could deliver no new data about syphilis. The study was conducted in two groups by selecting 400 populations from African American men. The research subjects, all of whom had syphilis when they were enrolled in the study and some “black men from Alabama were injecting virus which causes syphilis” were comper with 200 uninfected subjects who served as a …show more content…

 Justice::
In this experiment participant was not getting any justice because during this study there treatment was available then also subject was not getting any treatment of Syphilis and at the end most of the subjects was die and they won’t get any justice.

By concluding the Tuskegee study did not respect ethical principles, no diversity, no informed consent, no confidentiality and the researchers coerced the subjects into the study and did not let them have a proper medication to treat the syphilis. Based on my personal thoughts go out to the families that lost their loved ones back then due to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. I personally think that this study should have never been conducted. I think that the people that were involved in this study should have at least been aware of what was going

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In the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was mentioned. Throughout Henrietta’s time of being sick with cervical cancer, she was not told she had the disease. Scientists took samples of Henrietta’s cells and brought them to the prestigious Tuskegee Institute for further study (Skloot pg. 23). It was at this same institute that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was performed.

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The children are put in danger in order to advance research on the effects of lead. African-Americans during the nineteenth and twentieth century were looked at as less than human beings. The doctors did not believe they needed to get consent about the dangers of performing experiments on African-Americans as unethical. For example, the Tuskegee experiment was unethical, but the doctors wanted to find the effects of syphilis, but with black men and women as test subjects to benefit Caucasians. The Lacks family did not get to understand the significance of what their beloved family member meant to future development of scientist.

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This chapter reviews the long-term effect the experiment had on the African American population. Specifically, it discusses the effects the experiment has on the relationships between black and the American population and health care professionals. After the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the African American population became very critical of health care professionals, therefore, they ignored the warnings given about the prevention and epidemic of AIDS. If it was not for the experiment that rightfully made black individuals not trust health care professional the rate of AIDS would have been lower, and less people would have been infected. Overall, the chapter goes to show that it is important for health care professional to be honest and transparent with patients and the population, so that a strong relationship can be formed so that there can be advances in health

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Due to their lack of not being health care treated and not understanding the meaning of medical terms, they were not informed about syphilis. Syphilis was given the name “bad blood”, which is what the “black people of the rural south used to describe a variety of ailments” (p. 1501). They persuaded these black men to be a part of the study by offering them free medical care, food and transportation. The study furthered on than the intentional six to nine months planned, and so both the Alabama state health officer and Macon County Board of Health made a deal with the PHS to let the study continue, as long as the men who were found with syphilis were treated. The PHS did not give the men the treatment they needed to be effective because that would put an end to their study, even when there was options such as Penicillin.

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Misunderstanding regarding the details of the Tuskegee syphilis study is common, but the historical accuracy is not as relevant as the strength of the beliefs that formed as a result of the study7. Gamble (1997) argues that roots of the fear of medical exploitation dates further back in history when, the bodies of Black people in Baltimore were taken from their graves for dissection in the 1830s,three female slaves were subjected to an estimated 30 gynecological surgeries each in Alabama in the late 1840s, and folklore describing night riders who kidnapped Black people for use in medical experiments in

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In Tuskegee, Alabama a group of men were chosen for an experiment involving the observation of how syphilis occurs in black men and its long term non-treated consequences. At the time of the experiment, the only treatment that was available was a heavy metal therapy; however, the scientists believed it was doing more harm than good. Therefore, they did not inform the men about the treatment and distracted them with basic incentives like hot meals and transportation. When penicillin, a cure for syphilis, was discovered the doctors made the decision to shield the cure away from the men. This is proof that scientists are

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For many years, the creation of man-made medicine has gone through many trial and error, progress and complication. One major way in which medicine has thrived was through the form of experiments, some on animals, plants and humans. Unfortunately, certain medical experiments have had drastic consequences. The Tuskegee Experiment was a medical experiment used to study the long-term effects of syphilis of not treated. In 1932, the Public Health Service together with the Tuskegee Institute, began an experiment to record the long-term effects of syphilis which also became a strict medical treatment programs for blacks.

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Brandt, in his essay Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, “To preserve the subjects ' interest, Vonderlehr gave most of the men mercurial ointment, a noneffective drug … This required Vonderlehr to write frequently to Clark requesting supplies. He feared the experiment would fail if the men were not offered treatment.” The test subjects were illiterate sharecroppers who thought they were receiving medicine for the so called “bad blood”. Vonderlehr writes “it would have been impossible to continue without the free distribution of drugs because of the unfavorable impression made on the negro.”

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But unfortunately, the experiment was also never clearly explained to them, they had thought it was just the best possible treatment expected to cure the sickness they might have had. Many unethical practices were evident in this study, in this case, the most important one was informed consent, which is a consent given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. None of the participants in the Tuskegee study

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It has now been a quarter of a century, and yet the images and heartache that still evolve when the words "Tuskegee Syphilis Study" are brought up, still haunts people around the world and touches upon many professionals such as social workers, medical examiners, and so forth. Sometimes people hear about this disgusting human experiment in a highly visible way directed to the entire country as an example of what we as a country and people, in general, should not do. This occurred when the study first made national news in 1972, when President Clinton offered a formal apology, or when Hollywood actors star in a fictionalized television movie of the story. On the other hand the audience may become fainter: kept alive only by memories and stories told in the African American community, in queries that circulate over the world wide web and radio talk shows, or even in courses such as this one being taught by social workers, historians, sociologists, or bioethicists. This is neither the first nor the last unethical human experiment done under the human study for the medical purposes umbrella, basically stating it is ok to sacrifice a few people in the name of medical research.

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Syphilis Syphilis is an acute disease that was not perfectly understood until scientists start to do clinical researches over patients having the disease and the bacteria themselves. Experiments were done on syphilis to understand how it proceeds, and how it can be cured. After the discovery of this affliction, doctors tried very hard to understand the disease, so they did various experiments. some of them were legal while others were illegal. In 1932, The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was done on black people in Alabama by U.S public health service.

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The subjects that survived the Tuskegee experiment did not find out what was really being done to them until forty years after the fact ("The Deadly Deception"). All of this deceit caused African Americans to not want to trust white doctors and it is hard not to agree with them. Deborah, Henrietta Lack’s daughter, was afraid that researchers were doing something harmful to her mother and that is why she died (Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks [pg.186]). Deborah heard about the Tuskegee experiment and how supposedly the doctors were injecting the subjects with syphilis, and so Deborah was really paranoid about doctors and what they were really doing (Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks [pg186]). This sort of treatment and disregard for African Americans rights as humans leave them no other choice but to not trust science and medicine.

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The study would ultimately prove that everyone, no matter the color of their skin, is equal when it comes to the disease of syphilis. The intention behind manipulating the men was not for the greater good of society, but instead was for the greater good of Dr. Brodus and Miss Evers. Although the actions of Dr. Brodus and Miss Evers prove to be unethical, I also find the actions to be unprofessional. Miss Evers should have informed the men of the severity of the disease, as well as how the disease is passed from one individual to another. They failed to inform their patients of many of the risks that came along with the disease.

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In the movie “Miss Evers Boys”, Nurse Eunice Evers takes an offer to work with two doctors on a program that was federally funded to treat patients afflicted with the syphilis disease in Tuskegee Alabama. The patients were only men and they agreed to take part in it because of the free treatment. After a while the program ended and money was offered to conduct an experiment. The experiment was the study of the effects of the syphilis disease on these men, specifically African Americans, whom didn’t receive treatment. Nurse Evers finds out from doctor Brodus that the four hundred plus men along with 200 uninfected men who served as controls, will be studied and not treated.

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This study was referred to as the “Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis

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