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Us Hate Crimes Essay

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Factors of US Hate Crimes Tessa Shaffer Arizona State University Word Count 1025 CRJ 419 7/10/2024. This study explores the notion of hate crime and the factors that are relevant to it. Hate crime refers to a prejudiced behavior inside the criminal justice system that specifically targets an individual or group based on a particular bias. Various elements contribute to the understanding of the motivations behind hate crimes. These factors can encompass crimes that are motivated by an individual's religion, sexual orientation, or race. Hate crimes can target the individual, their property, or society as a whole. Comprehending these characteristics is essential for criminologists to ascertain the specific knowledge that is missing in …show more content…

When we redirect our attention to other types of hate crimes, such as those motivated by racial or religious bias, we notice distinct patterns in the individuals or groups that are targeted. For example, hate crimes that are motivated by anti-religious sentiments commonly include targeting properties associated with the particular religious community, whereas hate crimes based on race or sexual orientation tend to focus on directly harming persons. Let's further compare and differentiate these types: Acts that are anti-racial in nature usually aim to terrify their victims, as shown by their emphasis on intimidation. On the other hand, actions that are anti-sexual orientation appear to be more severe, often manifesting as aggravated assaults. Further research is required to better understand the connection between hate crime and the contributing variables that drive it, such as intimidation or violent assault. Equally crucial is comprehending the identity of the perpetrators: their characteristics and motivations for participating in hate crimes. A constraint of …show more content…

Although this information is crucial, it is insufficient. However, identifying the culprit is essential in order to effectively reduce hate crime incidents across the country. Understanding socio-demographic, psychological, and experimental characteristics is crucial for creating an accurate offender profile. Essentially, hate crimes in the United States are difficult to explain in a simple manner. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that hate crimes have a shared characteristic, as described by Cheng (2013), which involves the targeting of a group's resources, image, values, and ideology. This targeting leads to the development of discrimination and prejudice against particular out-groups. Hate crimes have a broad impact on different communities depending on factors such as ethnicity, sexual orientation, or religion. However, these hate crimes show specific patterns where particular minorities are disproportionately affected. Regrettably, the information provided by the FBI's Uniform Crime Report is limited, making it impossible to create an accurate profile of offenders to inspire targeted strategies for reducing hate crime rates throughout the country. The text is

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A hate crime is a violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. Hate crimes are committed against many different groups of people. Many hate crimes are based on racial or religious bias. Racial bias is the largest cause of hate crimes. Hate crimes are a specific type of crime committed against individuals or groups because of their race, religion, sexual orientation, gender, age, or

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In this article, Jacobs successfully makes his argument by remaining objective, appealing more toward the ethos and logos of the reader, and limiting emotional language. Jacobs aims his article toward lawmakers and voters. Motives are subjective and based on many factors; therefore, Jacobs argues that basing hate crime off of motive does not only create hardships but also flaws. He continues his argument by looking at rights given to the people from the First Amendment. According to the First Amendment, people possess many freedoms including the freedom of speech; however, Jacobs argues how hate crimes

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According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in 1998 there were over 7,755 hate crime incidents reported in America, which stemmed from people’s biased views towards people of different races (46.9%), sexual orientations (20.8%), religions (19.8%), ethnicity and (11.6%), and people with disabilities (0.9%). All 7,755 of the crimes were more than just violence; they were violence driven by hatred. They were hate crimes. The FBI defines a hate crime as a “a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias.” This is certainly the case of the murder of Matthew Shepard in Laramie Wyoming.

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Even a decade after 9/11 Muslims still received hate threats, such as, burning the holy Koran on the anniversary of 9/11 and vandalizing Mosques. According to “Gendered Islamophobia: Hate Crime Against Muslim Women” “In Ann Arbor, Michigan, on August 7, 2011, a motorist pulled up to a 21-year-old Palestinian woman while she was stopped at a red light and screamed racial epithets, yelling, ‘You’re a terrorist,’ and, ‘Your people need to be killed,’ before pointing a handgun at her” (Perry 84). These types of scenarios are happening all throughout the US today. Disha et al. , states, while racially and ethically motivated hate crimes declined after 9/11, the number of Arab/Muslim hate crimes dramatically increased (40).

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According to the congress, a hate crime is a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation.” (2015, January 07). Hate Crime—Overview. FBI. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov

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Introduction Since the beginning of time, there have been crimes against humanity that would today be considered bias-motivated, or “hate crimes”. It was not until the 1980’s, though, that this term was coined within the United States. The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 defines hate crimes as, “crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder, non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravate assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property.” ( SOURCE)

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Hate crimes have been a long-lasting reality in the United States beginning in the nation’s history with eradicating Native American populations, slavery, and xenophobia. As a result, forty-five states have adopted hate crime laws to combat organized hate groups from preying upon the most vulnerable groups in society. Hate crime laws provide special protections to the groups that are most frequently targeted by hate crimes including African Americans, LGBT, Jews, and Muslims. Although there has been much debate over what groups should be protected by hate crime laws, evidently there are groups that have been historically targeted at a much higher rate than others. Hence why most states exclude other groups that are not in as much need for protections in hate crime legislation.

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines a hate crime as, "a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. For the purposes of collecting statistics, the FBI has defined a hate crime as a "criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity." Hate itself is not a crime-and the FBI is mindful of protecting freedom of speech and other civil liberties" (FBI). When reading this definition, it is clear to understand why so many are against hate crimes. Hate crimes are a direct stab, whether that be literally or metaphorical, at a group of human beings.

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According to Gerstenfeld, hate crimes “may or may not include sexual orientation, gender, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, or political affiliation.” Some argue that every group should be protected by hate crime legislation, but this runs the risk of watering down the significance of such protections. The groups that are most frequently targeted by hate crimes including African Americans, gays and lesbians, Jews, and Muslims should be prioritized over other groups. Historically, the most targeted groups in the United States are African Americans, LGBT community, Jews, and Muslims. These groups are undoubtedly in the most need for protections provided by hate crime laws.

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In the recent news, everyone’s heard of the rise in hate crime. Most hate crime is “motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, typically one involving violence,” (Dictionary.com). Hate crimes have spanned across the country and impact thousands of lives each year. The FBI started investigating hate crimes at the turn of the 20th century. The FBI define hate crime as, “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity,” (FBI).

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