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Very Long Term Memory

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Introduction
Throughout the duration of someone’s life they retain, and lose, memories. At any one moment a person is receiving hundreds of pieces of information, but only a small portion of that information is absorbed. A memory retained for a long period of time, such as a childhood memory, or even something that happened a few hours ago, is stored in long term memory (or LTM). Other incoming information is passed through sensory memory, (which has a capacity of a 0.5-4 seconds), and then stored in short term memory (STM). Short term memory has a limited capacity of 30 seconds; in order to transfer a memory to LTM an individual would have to rehearse the memory multiple times, through a series of techniques.
Memory can be defined as the organisation, storage, and retrieval of information. This process is termed encoding. Encoding is the coding of external information into a form for long term storage by the brain. Improvement of encoding can result in an increased likelihood of retrieval, creating the impression of an improved memory. Encoding can be improved many different ways. One of which is the use of maintenance rehearsal which is the use …show more content…

The results found that the participants presented with photos of ex-classmates within 15 years of graduating were approximately 90% accurate in their recognition of names and faces, and after 48 years between graduating and testing participants recalled 80% of names and 70% of faces. However, participants who were asked to free recall names only accurately recalled 60% after 15 years, and 30% after 48 years. (McLeod, S. A.,

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Visual sensory memory is called iconic memory; auditory sensory memory is called echoic memory. Some of the information in sensory memory transfers to short-term memory, which can hold information for approximately twenty seconds. Rehearsing can help keep information in short-term memory longer. When people repeat a new phone number over and over to themselves, they are rehearsing it and keeping it in short-term

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Three processes include encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is like a like a keyboard, it is the transforming of information so it can enter memory. Storage is like the disk in computer, it is the retainment of information. The retrieval is like the monitor, one can look up the information whenever it is needed. The input of information through the sense is known as sensory memory.

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wat 10/5/2015 Annotated Bibliography "Our memories for events are often different than what happened" Jones, G., & Macken, B. (2015). Questioning short-term memory and its measurement: Why digit span measures long-term associative learning. Cognition, 1441-13. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.07.009

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A well known study called the “lost in the mall” study shed some very interesting light on the subject of long term memory.. This study had patients being told 4 stories about their childhood, and they would be asked for as much information as they can remember about each of the stories, however, without them knowing, one of the stories was false

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Recollection has advantageous physical effects, and memories are produced when groups of hundreds or thousands of neurons fire in an exceptional design (Flood & Phillips, 2007). Throughout recollection, the relations between these neurons are spontaneously reinforced; therefore, the more frequently a certain pattern is inspired, the more profound, the networks between the neurons in the pattern (Flood & Phillips, 2007). Autobiographical communication in late life, for instance recounting past incidents, are of bilateral connection of brain hemispheres (Flood & Phillips, 2007). Recollection is an aspect that I enjoyed immensely at the Regent Care Center; furthermore, everyone wants to be made to feel special and needed. Socialization is essential

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It is split up into four different types: acoustic encoding, visual encoding, tactical encoding, and semantic encoding. Acoustic encoding is the process of encoding sounds and words of the memory. For instance, let’s say your friend told you there was a test on monday over the phone. Your brain would use your acoustic encoding to send it into your storage. Next, is your visual memory.

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Psychologists today would describe the human memory as a complex system. Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system. Storage is the retention of encoded information over time. Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage.

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How reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).

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The memory process is a complex process of different types of memory that affect different parts of the brain. When a person thinks of memory, they can think of two types of memory. The two common types are short-term and long-term memory. However, there are different types of memory. There are also factors that can affect a person’s memory and have a great effect on the can dramatically alter.

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Much of this stored memory lies outside of our awareness most of the time, except when we actually need to use it. The retrieval process allows us to bring stored memories into conscious awareness. While several different models of memory have been proposed, the stage model of memory is often used to explain the basic structure and

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If information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.

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In one of the few neuroimaging studies pertaining to patterns of retrieval in episodic memory, Polyn and colleagues (2005) found that patterns of activity were similar when subjects actively viewed faces, places, and objects as when subjects attempted to reactivate memories of these specific images. This degree of similarity between encoding and retrieval was found to predict how much information about the images subjects were able to retrieve, with greater degrees of similarity predicting greater information recall (Polyn et al.,

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Introduction According to information processing model, short term memory has a limited capacity to hold information (Atkinson & Shriffin, 1968). The span of short term memory is said to be limited to about seven items (+2) (Miller, 1956 as cited in Terry, 2000). Short-term memory is also an active memory where we do our active memory processing (Lefrancois, 2000). For this reason, several researches have called the short term memory the working memory store (Gordon, 1989).

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Researchers Peggy L. St. Jaques and Daniel L. Schacter (2013) were interested a phenomenon that showed that personal memories for naturalistic events can be modified using reactivation techniques and that the quality of the reactivation has a significant impact on the degree of modification. In their 2013 study St. Jaques and Schacter tried to further prove this theory by having participants take a self-guided tour through an art museum. Their group had 41 participants who have never been the museum before. There were two different versions of the tour both with 53 events and 4 stops.

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