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Video Analysis: Semantic Memory And Episodic Memory

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2. One of the participants in the video known as Rick, who had the ability to remember every movie that he has seen and when many television shows began. For instance, he is able to remember when sixty minutes first aired and even down to the exact day of the week. Next Mary is able to recall a randomly picked valentine’s day within the year of 1979 chosen by her child. In addition, Mary even remembers the exact days of when she first wore many of her various pairs of shoes in her closet, which happens to be approximately over twenty different pairs of shoes. Furthermore, she was given a public events quiz and a memory test to validate the conclusion of her extraordinary memory. In addition, Louis was asked to recall the dates of when it had rained at the time in January and February of 1990 and she was able to do just that as well as the weekend after it had rained.
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The different stores of long-term memory consists of explicit memory, which is knowledge, or memories that an individual can recall consciously. And that is broken down into two different stores called semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory is considered to be the knowledge of facts and concepts regarding the universe. Episodic memory is firsthand personal of accounts that we have experienced similar to an important event that may have occurred in one’s life. There is also implicit memory, which is influences of experiences on behavior. Implicit memory is broken down into three separate stores. The first store is procedural memory, which refers to the often-unexplainable knowledge of how to do things such as walking and speaking. Then there is priming, which is known as the changes in behavior due to the result of experiences. Then there is learning through classical conditioning. Explicit is part of long-term memory and its two branches are part of the sensory memory store. Implicit memory resides all within short-term memory. We know this due to the experiments conducted by

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Atkinson, R. C., and Shiffrin, R. M. Some speculations on storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory. Technical Report 127, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1968. Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.

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In fact, the most prominent difference between the article and the text is when we talk about short-term memory versus long-term memory. In the textbook, long-term memory is divided into declaration (explicit) memory, memory with conscious recall, and nondeclarative (implicit) memory, memory without conscious recall. As for the article, it divides short-term memory, not long-term memory, into declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. Thus, we can see that not only their main subject is different and so is their division, even though they are meant to refer to the same thing. Although they might have some differences, they do agree on certain aspects such as anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

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Procedural memory is the memory of how to do things (Myers, 2014). It remains rather robust or intact in people suffering from dementia (Lunde, 2013). During the movie, elderly Allie was asked by a nurse to play the piano while she waited for Noah to come back and Allie seemed confused as her reply was “I like that?” (Emmerich, Harris, Johnson, Kaplan, & Cassavetes, 2014). So Allie sat down and started playing the piano, yet she had no memory of liking the activity.

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50 First Dates and Anterograde Amnesia Holly Andersen July 21, 2016 The University of Montana-Western 50 First Dates and Anterograde Amnesia In this film the lead character, Lucy, obtains a traumatic brain injury from a car accident, causing her to lose her short term memory and essentially become “stuck” in time. She is able to retain memory from one full day, before her system reboots and she forgets again.

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They are called, Long term memory and Short term memory/working memory. With Long term memory, you are able to remember things from your past and past events as well as key terms that you may have learned in the past. An example of this in my life would be, remembering knowledge that I first learned in school and still being able to remember it, such as my multiplication table. The second one, Short term memory/working memory would be used when you are only remembering some information and using it for a short time frame. Working memory would be when you are using both short term and long term to do sudden actions.

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Long-term memory divided into two types which are implicit and explicit. Implicit is an unconscious memory and explicit is the conscious recollection of events. Short-term memory is stored small amount of information for a brief duration.

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Declarative (explicit) memory is the memory of facts/events that can be consciously recalled. When it comes to these memories, the hippocampus is critical for memory formation. Additionally, the hippocampus plays a vital role in short-term memory which is necessary for long-term memory to be established. On the other hand, non-declarative (implicit) memory is the memory of skills and how to do things. One case that shows we know that the hippocampus is not necessary to form new non-declarative (implicit) memory is Henry Molaison who appeared to have anterograde amnesia.

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Clive is able to recall some old memories from his episodic memory system, but can’t always go into detail about them. For example, he remembers that he’s married and has a wife. He remembers her name, but

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Although on the surface, the element of memory in the study of psychology may seem basic and rudimentary, the depths of memory are essentially, untapped. To truly understand the depths of memory, one must understand the storage of memory, the recollection of memory, and the processes of sharing memories. In order to obtain a better understanding of the subject matter, the examination of the independent documentary, Stories We Tell, was applied. Memory is also conceptualized into types, stages, and processes. These principles were measured in the lucrative and thorough examination of a childhood memory.

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Much of this stored memory lies outside of our awareness most of the time, except when we actually need to use it. The retrieval process allows us to bring stored memories into conscious awareness. While several different models of memory have been proposed, the stage model of memory is often used to explain the basic structure and

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Long term memory is known to be the part of the brain that stores information over an extended or potentially infinite amount of time. It is now accepted that there are more than one long-term memory systems. A significant difference between types of long-term memory is the difference between declarative memory and non-declarative memory which consist of dissimilar features. Non-declarative memories are forms of memory that influence behaviour such as procedural memory (knowing how to perform skilled actions) and priming (processing a stimulus due to the previous presentation of a stimulus associated to it). Conversely, declarative memory is the conscious remembrance of information including semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events).

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Until recently the construction and processes involved in storing and retrieving memories has been misinterpreted by many . Memories can affect the way in which we percieve ourselves as well as our environment and have been connected to our emotional well being through the impact that negative memories can have on one’s state of mental health (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Therefore it is imperitive that humans strive to understand how the memory works and avoid viewing it as a fixed process that can not be influenced by external factors (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). In a recent study it was discovered that memories can be altered as they are stored in the brain creating an incorrect account of the recollection of that memory. According to (Loftus

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The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.

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When same the memories or neurons fire together frequently, they become permanent. Explicit Memory is expressed with words with sensations and emotions, and it makes connections with our experiences. And Implicit memory which is related to the procedural actions, or those that actions are unconscious taken without thinking.

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It involves conscious effort to recall and can be either be episodic or semantic. The other is procedural memory. It is usually the natural response to the surroundings, such as how to ride a bicycle or play the instrument. This type of long term memory can be remembered without consciously think about it.

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