Virus - a biological structure containing strands of ____________ or ____________ surrounded by a protective protein coat and cannot survive outside of cells.
Origin of Viruses
Difficult to pinpoint as viruses make copies of themselves within the host cells and are able to insert their own gene into the cell that have infected.
Structure:
x1000 times smaller than bacteria
Dependent on internal workings of the host cell it invades to survive and reproduce
They have no cytoplasm, membrane-bound organelles or cell membranes
Not considered living organisms because_________________________________
Can affect the lives of other organisms such as causing diseases in plants or animals (affects population, species and entire ecosystems)
Other infections
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Contains ______________________________________________ of that virus.
After injection, immune system knows retains knowledge of how to attack the virus in the future
The adaptive immunity features specialized cells called ________ and _________
Herd Immunity - _____________________________________________________
Prions - an infectious ___________________ that causes damage to _________ cell in the brain and appears to consist of a single __________________
Discovered by an American researcher ______________________________
These are proteins are found within the body.
The only known disease causing agents which lack ______________________________
Can greatly affect brain and its control
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD)→ affects ________________________________
Scrapie → affects sheep
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or “Mad cow disease” → affects cows
Biotech - In host cells, viruses direct the activity of the _____________________. This makes them useful for genetic engineers. For example, scientists can use this information to