Summary:
Wessels discusses the idea of coevolution in nature and economic surroundings in this chapter. In nature he has observed that several species develop niches, which allow them to adapt to other species living in the same habitat and allow the ecosystem as a whole to thrive. Subsequently he discusses the factors that influence the level of biodiversity present in an ecosystem. The three main factors he claims are: a stable physical environment, the amount of physical structure present and the competition level present. He then applies the same characteristics and theories to the economic segment. The idea of diversity in the economic segment is the main theme of his argument. He believes that large corporations have replaced local enterprises
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Each species develops niches, which are specializations that allow the species to perform a specific task and help the system as a whole to function. The examples provided by Wessels are intriguing. I was aware that species had so adaptations which ensured their survival, but Wessels description came as a surprise to me because I did not know that each species adaptation affected the entire ecosystem and these niches were not only to help them survive, but also allowed the system to survive. Furthermore, the biodiversity’s interdependence reminded me of mankind’s interdependence on each other. As Wessels continued his description I realized that the city is also a type of ecosystem, where everybody has their specific role or niche, for instance the police to provide security, news channels to provide information etc and if any one of these systems did not complete their task as a whole the system as a whole would fail. But I also found a difference between the ecosystem of a city and a forest. Forests are much more energy efficient than cities and once they reach a certain point they form a dynamic equilibrium so they do not consume more energy. Whereas cities do not follow the same ideology and most cities consume more energy then they actually need and a lot of it is just