Enlightenment Thinkers argued that just as the inner workings of nature could be understood by human reason, so reason offered the means to understand and improve society. There were limits to how far “enlightened” rulers would follow through on reform. Few rulers were willing to undermine the traditions that gave them power. Most philosophes thought that if society were to become enlightened, the change would have to come from above. That provided some monarchs, so-called enlightened despots, with a new rationale for absolute power. In conclusion science is the building blocks for empires. The development of Science was perceived as “revolutionary.” Some of the scientists applied science to the real world and economics. Before The Scientific