White Indian Removal
Under influence of president Andrew Jackson, the congress was urged in 1830 to pass the Indian Removal Act, with the goal of relocated many Native Americans in the East territory, the west of Mississippi river. The Trail of tears was made for the interest of the minorities. Indeed, if president Jackson wished to relocate the Native Americans, it was because he wanted to take advantage of the gold he found on their land. Then, even though the Cherokee won their case in front the supreme court, the president and congress pushed them out(Darrenkamp).
Indians had lived in the same areas for many years and had become much more accustomed to being civilized and had even started schools, making laws and becoming farmers. But all of that didn’t matter, there was increasing pressure to open up the area the Indians inhabited so the white men could settle there. The Indian Removal Act stated that all Indians must move to lands west of the Mississippi River, Jackson said the Indians would receive money for the land they lost and that all expenses would be paid for. The act was supposed to be voluntary but they were pressured to go and the tribes that did not go peacefully were forced. While most tribes did go peacefully the Cherokee Indians wanted to fight the Removal Act and took it to the Supreme
Have you ever been told what to do even though the law says otherwise? Was it easy or fun, but the same thing happened to the Cherokees and it was harder than what you had to go through because there wasn't as much help back then. The Cherokees were told to either move off of the US land or to follow the US rules. The Indian Removal act of 1830 was not justified because Andrew Jackson did not follow the constitution that he signed, the US forced the Cherokees to leave, and the US compelled the Cherokees to rebuild their nation.
Between 1830 and 1850, the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, Creek, Seminole and Cherokee peoples were forced to leave their homelands to relocate further west. The Cherokee Nation removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1829, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.1 During the Trail of Tears (1838-1839), the Cherokee tribes were moved to the Indian Territory, near the Ozarks. They initially settled near Tahlequah, Oklahoma. This is where the tribes historically settled in 1838 to 1839, after the Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.2 The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw
Jackson faced the issue of Indian removal throughout his eight year in office. He made about 70 treaties with Native American tribes both in South and the Northwest. Jackson presidency marked as a new era in Indian-Anglo American relations imitating a policy if Indian removal. His annual message of December of 1829 contained extensive remarks on the present and future state of American Indians in the United States. It contained many observations, assessments, and prejudices about Native Americans that had been widely held by Native American hunters makers since Thomas Jefferson’s presidency.
Gemma Young History 10 Dr. Bunn February 14, 2023 Jackson’s Indian Removal Decision - Change or Continuity? On May 28th of 1830, the Indian Removal Act was enacted by president Andrew Jackson. This act provided funding for uprooting the “Five Civilized Tribes” east of the Mississippi river and moving them into the territory now known as Oklahoma (Foner 393). Hot-tempered Jackson and his followers were eager to settle onto their land and establish farms, but the tribes resisted.
The Indian Removal Act passed Congress on May 28, 1830 under Andrew Jackson's administration. This Act gave the president the right to negotiate with native tribes in the South and move them to designated lands to preserve their heritage called "reservations". The mentality behind this law centered around the idea that natives were inhabiting American territory and were not citizens or paying taxes. This caused political riffs against some tribes, and caused a series of battles between Americans and native tribes as the tribes were being located to states like Oklahoma and Nebraska. This removal act forever changed how Americans treat natives, and it changed tribal relations.
The Genocide: Trail of Tears/ The Indian removal act During the 1830s the united states congress and president Andrew Jackson created and passed the “Indian removal act”. Which allowed Jackson to forcibly remove the Indians from their native lands in the southeastern states, such as Florida and Mississippi, and send them to specific “Indian reservations” across the Mississippi river, so the whites could take over their land. From 1830-1839 the five civilized tribes (The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, and Chickasaw) were forced, sometimes by gun point, to march about 1,000 miles to what is present day Oklahoma.
The Indian Removal Act was signed in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson to remove the Cherokee Indians from their homes and force them to settle west of the Mississippi River. The act was passed in hopes to gain agrarian land that would replenish the cotton industry which had plummeted after the Panic of 1819. Andrew Jackson believed that effectively forcing the Cherokees to become more civilized and to christianize them would be beneficial to them. Therefore, he thought the journey westward was necessary. In late 1838, the Cherokees were removed from their homes and forced into a brutal journey westward in the bitter cold.
The dispersing of the Indians, particularly the five civilized tribes of the southwest: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole fairly began before the approval of the Indian Removal Act. As the European-Americans were progressing the procedure of passing the Act was bound to happen. They were once a secluded society and now forced to a loss of war. The Indian Removal Act was signed on 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The act allowed President Andrew Jackson to provide the states with federal funds to remove the civilized tribes and reject the Indians from letting them to be part of the European-American society.
During these times of insurrection, white vigilance through terror, torture, and killings increased including bribing African Americans and Indians to do the corrupt work for them. The threat of African Americans aligning with Indians complicated matters for the whites. African Americans among the Indians would achieve freedom easier and would in turn help Indians fortify their defenses against whites who sought a policy of removing Indians west of the Mississippi River. The reluctance of many African Americans to leave Florida or separate from the Seminoles was intensified by their importance as food suppliers to the Indians, and they also had a special attachment to the land they cleared, tilled, and planted crops in Florida for decades that more rights and privileges under Spanish and British rule gave them. Consequently Seminole Indian unwillingness to return to Creek authority control in Oklahoma, from whom they had continuously separated for many decades, were important considerations to resist removal for both African Americans and Seminoles.
Cherokee Chief John Ross began to devise a plan to counter this removal and he stated with the Blood Law which stated that any Cherokee that made a deal to sell land to the United States without the consent of the entire tribe faced dire and certain consequences. Chief Ross then set out to take the Cherokee case all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. In the case of Worcester v Georgia the U.S. Chief Justice, John Marshall ruled The Cherokee Nation is a distinct community, occupying its own territory with boundaries accurately described and which the laws of Georgia can have no force and which the citizens of Georgia have no right to enter but with the consent of the Cherokees themselves. The Cherokees were astatic with this ruling. However,
Jose Romo History 101 Wednesday breakout session Primary Source paper #2 Question # 1 October 28th, 2015 "There is no crueler tyranny than that which is perpetuated under the shield of law and in the name of justice" Charles de Montesquieu. These words by Montesquieu seem to fit not only the American Revolution but also the Cherokee Removal. The actions of some of the Cherokee people that refused to give up their ancestral land may support the “uncivilized barbaric savages” claims of the Americans of European ancestry; however, the primary source documents in "The Cherokee Removal" demonstrate a different interpretation of the Cherokee people and their struggles as well as vindicate their actions. First, the primary source documents in "The
Indians were forced to make the 2,200 mile journey to Oklahoma to settle those lands. A map of the Trail of Tears shows the treacherous journey the Indians had to make. There are four trails that run through nine states, three land routes and one water route. Indians had to stop what they were doing and leave their homes because they were different from the whites. To white people, the Indians were property and they could do what they liked with them.
When the Europeans began colonizing the New World, they had a problematic relationship with the Native Americans. The Europeans sought to control a land that the Natives inhabited all their lives. They came and decided to take whatever they wanted regardless of how it affected the Native Americans. They legislated several laws, such as the Indian Removal Act, to establish their authority. The Indian Removal Act had a negative impact on the Native Americans because they were driven away from their ancestral homes, forced to adopt a different lifestyle, and their journey westwards caused the deaths of many Native Americans.
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