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Argument Analysis: Why Should We Be Moral

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Why Should We Be Moral? - Protocol Paper 6 Recall: In the “Why Should We Be Moral,” Rachels states several points: 1) The Ring of Gyges shows how acting immorally can occasionally be to one’s advantage. Glaucon argues that all of us would behave like Gyges. 2) Rachels points out that it is a good thing if other people live morally, but it becomes another matter if you are bound by your own morals. 3) Rachels talks about a well-known idea that right living consists in respect to God’s commands. 4) Rachels argues that we should be as good as we can be to escalate our chances of eternal. 5) Rachels talks about the Divine Command Theory, which is an action is morally correct if it is directed by God. 6) Socrates’ argues against the Divine Command Theory also he concludes that right or wrong of one’s actions cannot be understood in terms of their compliance to divine commands. 8) Kant states that if Gods doesn’t exist, then the universe is incomplete immoral, due to that virtue will be unrewarded and wickedness will not be punished. 9) Hobbes argues that ethics is a result from when people come to realize what they must do to live as best as they are able to. 10) Rachels continues to state that a supportive society can only exist if we come to adopt certain aspects …show more content…

Rachels continues and mentions a familiar idea of the right living consists in obeying God’s instructions, which is supported by the Divine Command Theory. Using Socrates’ argument, Rachels comes to a conclusion that the right or wrong of one’s actions cannot be assumed in terms of their agreement to any divine commands. Rachels brushes Hobbes’ opinions on the worldly basis of ethics and his argument that each of us is extremely before we can live in a

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Rachels and Benedict disagree about how relative is morality.in one hand Rachels express that morality is not relative, because from his point of view what is right or wrong cannot be based in one society code; it is clear that what is approved in one culture can be disapproved in other, so there is no absolute true nor a single standard to follow. Rachels state that there are some moral rules that all societies will have in common, because those rules are necessary for society to exist. According to this he think that there is some universal codes that have to be maintain for a healthy balance. Benedict in the other hand believes that morality is relative.

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1) “Without God, there would be no universally valid morality.” ( Pojman, pg. 356) “He is the creator of the moral law, and defines its very nature.” ( Pojman, Pg.356) “‘If God doesn’t exist, everything is permissible’ nothing is forbidden or require. Without God we have moral nihilism” (Pojman, Pg.356) “We are against torturing the innocent because it is cruel and unjust, just as God is against torturing the innocent because it is cruel and unjust.

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Throughout the dialogue, Socrates asks tough questions that probe Euthyphro's understanding of piety, which is grounded in their traditional conception of morality. By questioning the nature of piety and the relationship between gods and morality, Socrates seeks to challenge the traditional assumptions about what is considered moral and what is not. For example, Euthyphro claims that what pleases the gods is pious (14b), but Socrates interrogates this claim, exposing the fundamental dilemma about the relationship between God and morality that had been accepted by society (10a). Socrates clarifies that his point is to bring into question the role of reason in morality, highlighting that reason should play a critical role in determining what can be considered pious, rather than blindly following authority, tradition, or other non-logical points of view (6a). He shows that our reason should be used to understand the nature of the gods and their relation to morality and that we must use this understanding to guide our actions.

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In every day life, we face many situations that require a moral decision. We have to decide what is right and what is wrong? Not always is this an easy task thus, it seems important to analyze how we make our moral decisions. I will start with an analysis of how we make decisions in general

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During the reformation across Europe, there was many forward thinkers who were able to make sense of the ‘pressing problems’ of their day and age. One philosopher in particular, John Locke, was able to press on, and make sense of the problems that he faced in England during his time. However, the philosophers Locke, More, and Hobbes, contributed to society through the various arguments that they brought about. The arguments placed by Locke, Hobbes, and More in society acted as a building block for people in society to either follow, or disregard.

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He describes the objection as, “all men desire the apparent good, but have no control over the appearance, but the end appears to each man in a form answering to his character” (1114b).   This view argues that all people pursue that which seems good, but some people cannot see the true good, which is out of their control.   The immediate implication of this objection, if it is indeed true, suggests that “no one is responsible for his own evildoing” (1114b).

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Michelle Blackburn Dr. Simkulet Introduction to Philosophy 19 February 2023 Euthyphro Dilemma 1 The Euthyphro Dilemma discusses an issue with the Divine Command Theory, questioning if something is morally good because God says so, or if God commands something because it is a morally good thing. This is a serious dilemma because there are problems with both points. If the first point was correct, then morality would not be a concrete idea. This would make it so if God ordered you to kill someone for His own amusement, it would be morally correct, despite most religious texts condemning murder.

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Theorists opposing this argument hold that morality is not dependent on the will of God. These theorists limit God’s omnipotence is stating clearly that he cannot make what is wrong, right. The theorists then suggest that God has to bend His will to conform to what is right. They hold that God wills what is morally right because it is right. In this argument, I take the stand that morality is what God wills it to

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The Divine Command Theory The Divine Command Theory is an ethical theory that states that God decides what is morally right and what is morally wrong. The theory argues that to be morally good one must do what God says and abstain from doing what God forbids. The question that is going to be discussed in this essay is if The Divine Command Theory provides an acceptable account of what makes an action morally right and others morally wrong.

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By common understanding and through the sharing of moral values we can conclude what it means to be an ethical individual. In the scripture of Abraham, he was said to have risen above the ethical and into the universal, however, it does not appear possible for an individual to have reach a level of life when one as exceeded all that it required of the ethical to then transcend into a state of the universal. The idea which Kierkegaard presents at first seems well reasoned but through varies examples it is evident that such a conclusion is a misrepresentation of what it truly means to be faithful. Time and time again, we challenge ourselves to look beyond what is considered to be ethical and live as people of faith, but it is rare that one fully analyzes what it means to be faithful.

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The last theory is Aristotle’s virtue ethics which states that we should move from the concern towards good action and to focus on the concern with good character. This paper argues that Aristotle’s virtue ethics is better than the other ethical theories. The divine command theory says that what is morally right and what is morally wrong is determined by God and God alone. People who follow the divine command theory believe that God is the creator of all things, therefore, he must also be the creator of morally right and wrong acts.

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Dakarai Bishop Professor Leib PHI 2010 26 March 2018 Essay 3 Ethics is an important part of life, and it defines who we are individually. “Ethics is the study of right and wrong,” (Leib Slide 1). The question that many philosophers try to answer is if humans are naturally selfish, selfless, or both. These subcategories of ethics are very important to consider because it would answer why individuals commit the actions that they create.

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Being moral in a growing and continually changing world is no easy task, especially when there is no specific rules or guidelines to follow. If one were to ask specifically what is morality, Appiah would say that living a moral life is living an “eudaimonia,”(Aristotle) or the idea of highest good, normally translated into “happiness,” or “flourishing” (402). Living a life to the highest good is a very vague answer, considering everyone’s definition of good is different, and everyone has a different view of happiness. These opinions are so diverse because morality is not just one idea, but a mix of ideas that make up each person’s moral values. In these difference in morals, there is bound for someone getting hurt in some way, either physically, emotionally, or even spiritually.

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Ethics and Religion The human views on ethics are greatly influenced by certain beliefs, such as religion or philosophical ideas. Philosophy and religion are similar in this sense; they both are morally influential. However, if a person did not have such views, he/she is still capable of having good morals. Though religion is very impacting in many people’s ethical standings, and a majority of human morality is derived from some belief in religion or supported by philosophical reasoning, it is not the only way a person can be moral.

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