Wittig Reaction Lab Report
The purpose of this lab was to perform a Wittig reaction in order to test whether the counter ion in a base used in the reaction directly results in the formation of an E or Z product. Three bases -- LiOH, KOH, and NaOH -- will be reacted with acetonyl triphenylphosphonium chloride (a phosphonium salt). The product of that reaction will be reacted with p-annisaldehyde, and an NMR of each product will be taken and used to determine which isomer of each product is formed. In a Wittig reaction, an aldehyde or ketone is reacted with a ylide produced from an SN2 reaction with a phosphonium salt. A ylide is a molecule that is neutral overall, but contains neighboring atoms that have opposite charges. A Wittig reaction works when the negatively charged carbon attached to the phosphorous atom in the ylide donates its lone pair to the electrophilic carbon in the carbonyl in either the ketone or aldehyde, depending on which molecule is being used. The electrons from the double bond in the carbonyl are also donated …show more content…
Using this information to analyze the alkene peaks of the NMR spectra of the reactions using NaOH, KOH, or LiOH, one can conclude that the counter ion of the base used had no effect on the stereochemistry of the alkene formed from all three Wittig reactions ran in lab: all the NMR spectra show the same trans-alkene. Since there are two alkene protons in the product formed from all three Wittig reactions, there are two sets of peaks in the alkene region of the three NMR spectra. The two larger downfield peaks represent the two hydrogen atoms from the trans-alkene, while the two significantly smaller upfield peaks represent the two hydrogens from the cis-alkene, suggesting that the trans-alkene was formed in a much greater quantity than the cis product, confirming the predicted
Chem 100 Final Lab Report
1366 Words | 6 PagesCadet Eric Wiggins Date: 18 September 2014 Course Name: Chem 100 Instructor: Captain Zuniga Section: M3A Identification of a Copper Mineral Intro Minerals are elements or compounds that are created in the Earth by geological processes. The method of isolating metals in a compound mineral is normally conducted through two processes.
Nt1210 Lab Report
798 Words | 4 PagesResults The lab experiment was done in two parts, one with the NAND, NOR, XOR and Hex Inverters and the other with a 7483 full adder gate, both will verify the truth table when two input bits and a carry are added together. The circuits were built by examining the 1 bits through a K-Map to create a Boolean expression for the sum and carry. The Boolean expression for the sum was A⊕B⊕C and the carry as AB+BC_in+AC_in. From these two expressions, we notice that we must use two exclusive-ORs gates in the sum inputs for A, B, and C. For the sum, we have to use NOR and NAND (the only available gates from the lab manual).
Nt1310 Unit 4 Lab Report
603 Words | 3 PagesSuppose we have a single-hop RCS where there is one AF relay that amplifies the signal received from a transmitter and forwards it to a receiver. Assume that the transmitter sends over the transmitter-to-relay channel a data symbol ${s_k}$, from a set of finite modulation alphabet, $S={S_1, S_2,ldots,S_{cal A}}$, where ${cal A}$ denotes the size of the modulation alphabet. The discrete-time baseband equivalent signal received by the relay, $z_k$, at time $k$ is given by egin{equation} z_k = h_{1,k}s_k + n_{1,k},~~~~for~~k=1,2,ldots,M label{relaySignal} end{equation} where $n_{1,k}sim {cal N}_c(0,sigma_{n1}^2)$ is a circularly-symmetric complex Gaussian noise added by the transmitter-to-relay channel, $h_{1,k}$ denotes the transmitter-to-relay channel, and
Sowbug Lab Report
465 Words | 2 PagesIntroduction- We did an experiment about different types of movements called kinesis and taxis. Kinesis is the change in the speed of movement or the rate of turning which is intensified by a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). Taxis is movement towards or away from a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). We did our experiment using Sowbugs.
Experiment Of A Wittig Reaction
1167 Words | 5 PagesThe purpose of this experiment was to perform a Wittig reaction using two different methods: In method I, 250 mg aldehyde was mixed with 785 mg phosphonium salt in 5 M NaOH solvent. This mixture was stirred for thirty minutes and filter by vacuum filtration for the product. In method 2, 250 mg of aldehyde, 785 mg, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, and 380 mg potassium phosphate tribasic were homogenize with a pestle and mortar. Vacuum filtration was also used in this method to attain the product. The products in both methods were used for recrystallization and TLC.
Do The Solutions We Are Experimenting Test Positive For Protein, Starch?
431 Words | 2 PagesHomework 4: Experiment Analysis 1. Do the solutions we are experimenting test positive for protein, starch, or sugar? 2. Chemical indicators are used to detect certain molecules. These are often used to test for supplements to recommend to consumers.
How Does The Concentration Of Hydrochloric Acid Affect The Rate Of Reaction
841 Words | 4 PagesThousands of chemical reactions occur in every day life, at different rates and different times. Whether it be washing the dishes after dinner or brushing your teeth in the morning, they all have one thing in common; a chemical process in which reactants act mutually on each other to form a new substance. Rate of reaction is the term used to describe how quickly reactants turn into products. According to collision theory, proposed by Max Trautz and further added to by William Lewis in 1918, for a reaction to take place the colliding molecules must possess enough kinetic energy, this is called the activation energy, allowing the reactants to chemically bond. Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Lab
1039 Words | 5 PagesExperiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.
Gaseous Messenger Research Paper
1402 Words | 6 Pages1.1.1 General introduction of gaseous messengers Small molecules of endogenous gases which involve in cellular signaling thereby exerting physiological functions are termed as gaseous messengers or gasotransmitters. Gasotransmitters are a class above the receptor based signaling molecules as they are easily permeable across membranes and directly modify their intracellular targets.1,2 Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are the enzymatically produced gases with biological functions to maintain the cellular homeostasis.3 Nitric oxide was the first discovered gaseous messenger for its regulatory activity in the nervous system and further research led to its role in immune system and vascular system. The research
Β-Lactams Lab Report
863 Words | 4 PagesIt is hypothesises that a peptide bond with Zn2 is broken during a nucleophilic hydroxide
Wittig Reaction Lab Report
1125 Words | 5 PagesOne purpose of a Wittig reaction is the formation of alkenes from aldehydes or ketones employing a carbo-phosphorous ylide, which is stabilized vie resonance to allow for the carbon bonded to phosphorus to be deprotonate from by a base (Ketcha, 142). The resonating ylide will react with the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of its aromatic aldehyde to produce a betaine intermediate, or a crystalized 4
Ethylene Dibenzoate Synthesis Lab Report
1086 Words | 5 PagesWe started our work with a reference paper, where ethylene di-benzoate(EDB) was taken as sample molecule. We studied the $\beta$-elimination reaction of EDB as a model system in order to follow the thermal degradation of polyethylene terephthalate(PET). In this system the carbon in the ester linkage turns into a nucleophile and interacts with the $\beta$-hydrogen atom of glycol unit. This resulted in the formation of six centred cyclic transition state. In vacuum, the final Gibbs free energy which is the difference between the total energy in the reactant and the transition state was calculated to be 51.1kcal/mol.
Urea Cycle Lab Report
975 Words | 4 PagesThe following reactions occur in the cytosol. This is a pathway
Gluconeogenesis
1482 Words | 6 Pages3.3) Discuss the steps of gluconeogenesis that differ from glycolysis and explain how these steps contribute to produce glucose. (P3.3) The progressions of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are well thought-out, gluconeogenesis might be deliberated for instance the difficulty of glycolysis excluding for a certain steps. The steps that be variance. They are; •In glycolysis the difficulty of the similar reaction, glucose to glucose-6- phosphate is approving out by the enzyme hexokinase.
Glycation Lab Report
802 Words | 4 PagesThe amino side chain most encountered to this reaction are valine,lysine and arginine which lead to the formation of Schiff bases at the rate proportional to concerntration to sugars which undergoes amadori rearrangement to form a stable glycation end-product (brownlee et al., 1988) which accumulates in long lived tissue proteins causing cross linking and develop inflammation and thickening of basement membrane leading to complication like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and atherosclerosis
More about Wittig Reaction Lab Report
Chem 100 Final Lab Report
1366 Words | 6 PagesNt1210 Lab Report
798 Words | 4 PagesNt1310 Unit 4 Lab Report
603 Words | 3 PagesSowbug Lab Report
465 Words | 2 PagesExperiment Of A Wittig Reaction
1167 Words | 5 PagesDo The Solutions We Are Experimenting Test Positive For Protein, Starch?
431 Words | 2 PagesHow Does The Concentration Of Hydrochloric Acid Affect The Rate Of Reaction
841 Words | 4 PagesNucleophilic Substitution Reactions Lab
1039 Words | 5 PagesGaseous Messenger Research Paper
1402 Words | 6 PagesΒ-Lactams Lab Report
863 Words | 4 PagesWittig Reaction Lab Report
1125 Words | 5 PagesEthylene Dibenzoate Synthesis Lab Report
1086 Words | 5 PagesUrea Cycle Lab Report
975 Words | 4 PagesGluconeogenesis
1482 Words | 6 PagesGlycation Lab Report
802 Words | 4 Pages