Canada's Role in World War II: From Pacifism to Mobilization
School
Sentinel Secondary**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
HUMANITIES 32114
Subject
History
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
19
Uploaded by JudgeElephant4189
1. World War 12. Pre- war canadaA.Overwhelming mood of pacifisma.Maintaining the peaceb.Differentc.Avoiding war was goodd.Canadians where pacifistsB.Independent nationa.Control of its international policyb.Most people were still Britishc.Believed in the maintenance of peaced.New, very aggressive philosophyC. 1939 Royal visit by reigning monarchsa.Royal (the king and queen) visit planned by Canadab.Big dealc.Organized by Canada, not britaind.Toured the entire country (travelled by train)i.Tour the country for a couple of monthse.Canada still aligns with the British empire3. Nazi - Soviet non aggression pactA.Aug 1339a.Hitler didn't like the soviet unionb.Made treaty to buy more timei.World SHOOKB.Hitler was demanding polish corridor and DanzigC. British & France threatened to start wara.Nazis ignored threat to not invadeb.Soviet union also invaded poland 1939, 2 weeks after nazi4. Invasion of PolandA.24hrs to leave poland or war, hitler chose warB.Poland almost disappeared 50% germ. 50% sov. UnionC. First shots in Danzig5. Blutkrieg “Lightning war”A.Nazi developed a new style of warfarea.Lighting fast offensive attackb.Within hours instead of weeks or monthsc.“Blitzkrieg”B.No declaration of war ¨Surprise”:)a.Begins with air warfareb.Knock out air force before they even take offc.Bomb strategic areas
d.Neutralize enemies ability to responde.Smash through border in weakest areaf.Circle heavily defended areag.No more foot soldiersi.Tanks, motorcycles, airplanesC. Auto Bahna.Elite highway system built by nazib.Made before interstate of USc.Massive road for connecting german cities with the road networkd.Pointed right towards polandi.Over engineered compared to regular roadsii.Outnumbered, outclassed (fought hard)iii.Held out for a month6. Canada declared warA.Canada would wait a full week to declare war on Germanya.Wanted to show loyalty AND indepenceb.Mackenzie kingi.Canadians have the right to lead themselves in battleii.Massive casualtiesiii.Huge % of population lostiv.Canadian troops would not be used as canon ballsv.Would not be the weakest pointvi.WOULD NOT sacrifice soldiersA.Canada would provide goods to fight wara.Britain would have to pay!i.Provide goods to fight warii.Canada came out richer after the war (unlike other countries)b.In WW2 Canada agreed that they would supply for Britain but Britain had to payunlike ww1B.Rejection of nazisma.Toxic masculinityb.Complete opposite of Canadian beliefsc.Warfare is highest badge of honord.Very aggressivee.War = not the canadian wayf.Not a free trip to europe -> “this war aint good”7. Canada unpreparedA.Canada not prepareda.In the middle of the great depressionb.Virtually had nothing to offerc.Only 13 shipsd.Only 16 old tanks
e.Fewer than 2000 soldiers in canadian navyf.War equipment was VERY oldg.Had squath.Would make Canada a lot more economically highi.By over 600%ii.Dominate economies in the worldiii.Incredibly powerfuliv.4th largest navy in the world by the end of the wari.All normal “top 10” countries ended brokei.Not broke; soviet, usa, britain, canada8. Group questions9. Mackenzie King's big fearA.Worried there would be another conscription crisisa.Made sure there would not be the same casualtiesB.There would only be drafting in the even that home defence is necessaryC. Many people did not have steady employmenta.Half of canadians that went to WW1 went to WW2b.Why so many people joined - actually a job, were able to get paid10. Canada prepares for warA.Mobilization effortsa.National resources act (economy)i.Order companies to fulfill military lists, rather than civilian duties (b.The war measures act (security)i.suspended constitutionii.Arrested at the off chance they were simpathetic/ realted to the enemyiii.“Martial law”iv.Kinda racistc.Prices and trade board (stop price gouging)i.People weren't allowed to raise prices of limited items11. Ogdensburg agreementA.By World War II future went from Britain to USAi.Ogdensburg agreement1.Hemispheric defence if Canada was ever attacked, US would consider itan attack on them as wellii.“If canada is in danger, big brother britain comes, but britain was busy”12. Arsenal of democracyA.Canada wanted to avoid basic death to soldiers (Death toll)B.Canada wanted a significant rolea.They wanted to avoid the cost of the war
b.Became costco of warc.Canada and us became “arsenal of democracy¨ costco of the ward.Canada and us became super rich after the ware.CD howe -> minister of muni supply, went to uk and back where he manages toget a lot of money for canadai.Responsible for overseeing the ability of canada to sell materialsf.Half of canadians that went to WW1 went to WW2g.Women involved in factories - crown corporations became a thingh.Massive growthHuge massive growth, they had 10’s of millions of dollars of orders, they became a key player inthe world's economy13. Total warA.New concept of warfarea.“Total war”i.Entire resources of nation used to fight the enemyii.Human resources where considered a country's resources - even humansthemselvesiii.Everything is the target14. British Commonwealth air training planA.Canada would pay for the british commonwealth air training planB.Planes became vitalC. Dispersed right around countrya.No threat of being attacked because they were to far awayb.Soldiers from every nation came to train in Canada15. Group questions16. Phony warA.Allies of britain/France and the nazis didn't show up to warB.War was declared but nothing happeneda.For 7 monthsC. 8th of april, nazis swarmed in and attacked all of Norwaya.Norway wanted to be neutralb.Narwick - port + iron ore to produce weaponsc.Hitler wanted this port in germanys handsd.Once the war with britain started, the nazi where already theree.Norway with the help of britain delayed the “taking over” for a monthf.May 3rd, Norway fell to the naziD. Nazi attacked Denmarka.Did it in 6 hrsE.Winston churchill- Became britain's war prime minister - May 10tha.He already knew what germany would do
17. Fall of France - June 1940A.Nazis managed to topple Francea.Still a great power, airforce, tanksb.Screwed up and lost (were not good at strategy)c.Maginot linei.Huge trench, underground barracks, hospitalsii.France had a trench line, Germany had airplanesd.Nazi struck at the weakened defensese.Nazi swarmed to France through belgium with roads and tanks18. DunkirkA.Miracle of Dunkirka.A seaside town on the north coast of Franceb.Where they retreated when Nazis surroundedc.French went back, English wanted outi.Knew that when France fell, English would be nextii.Ordered every vessel in the English Channel to get soldiers1.Fish boats, cabin cruisers2.345,000 soldiers3.All their equipment was left in Franceiii.Germans let them escape due to their willingness of Britain to latersurrenderd.France had a really big army like Germany, but they used it wrongi.Sent the army with no air force = no protection19. The battle of Britain June-Sept 1940A.Britain is nexta.Air force was crucial, Germany had so much airforceb.Britain was hoping for a david and goliath storyc.Without airforce, Germany was doomedd.Germany failed to get control of british skyi.Quality over quantity, the british air force was trained and germany justhad a lot of airplanesii.British airplanes could maneuver betteriii.Codebreaking was huge1.Gouring still had upper hand (bombing radar tower, airfields,fighter command)B.Hitler promised not a single german city would be bombeda.Churchill ordered bombing in berlini.Made hitler look stupidii.Every bomb in germany, 100 in britainiii.Bomb the cities1.Gave time for britain to fix their radar towers and military airportsiv.Operation Sea lion was cancelled
20. Operation Barbarossa - The Political Crusade - invasion of soviet unionA.Hitler convinced of German superioritya.Wanted to go after Soviet Unionb.“Nazi’s lost the war in Russia” 80% of all Nazi soldiers died in Russiac.June 1941- it startsd.Nazi had to go rescue the italians which delayed the operation by 6 weeksB.Believed they were on top, were fools (Soviet Union)a.Not losing, retreatingb.Retreating and allowing Nazi’s to enter deeperc.Torched buildings, crops, oil in water, blew up buildings, killed livestocki.Everything had to come from Germanyii.Guerilla warfare - sneak attack1.Small bands, sneak around in camo, to attack2.Go back and blow up supply trucks3.No soviet soldier was allowed to surrender4.Death before surrender.iii.No one knows how to deal with Russian winter other than Russians1.Winter is coming!2.Gas and oil freeze- no fuelC. Germany is now on defensive (Stalingrad)21. Rise of JapanA.China was the middle kingdoma.But was having a very bad time currentlyb.This allowed japan to take overc.“The asian holocaust”i.Japanese was told there was no lawii.They did whatever they wanted for 6 weeksiii.Rape, murder, assault, etcd.Japanese army terrorized the city of china to scare the rest of china22. War of JapanA.Captured a lot of countries, first americans in asia then europeans in asiaB.Surprise attack in us forces in hawaii (pearl harbour)a.Took hawaii as a colonyb.Woke a sleeping giantc.Made america feel justified in going after japanC. Japan had almost taken over all of Asiaa.Infuriated the Americans23. Japanese in BCA.Fear and racism dominateda.Racial wisdom
b.Japanese people were aliensc.Citizenship rights were overruled by your ethnicityd.Asians and japanese people were arrested and sent to campse.Rice = Japanesef.Property owned by japanese people where auctioned and the owners didn’t get adime24. Group questions25. Canada at seaA.Battle of the atlantica.Massive building of canadian shipsb.4th largest in the worldc.German and japanese navy was wiped out26. Battle of AtlanticA.Keeping the sea lanes to the UK open - EssentialB.Easy to sea highway (haha)a.Germany waited in the lane in submarines to sink the boatsb.Hunted in “wolf packs”c.1939-1943 being in the merchant navy was a very dangerous thingd.Lots of stormsC. Britain could now radar where the submarines wherea.Navy would sink them instead of being sunkb.Aircover to protect the shipsc.A ⅓ of the ocean had no air cover so that was the ships weak spot27. Canada in the airA.Did civilian bombinga.Dresdeni.“Fire bombing”ii.Jelly gasolineiii.Bursts into flames when it touches oxygeniv.FIre Tornadosv.Sucked so much oxygen that people suffocated28. DieppeA.Big stories in canadian war efforta.Unnecessary loss of canadian troopsb.4,000 Canadians involvedc.Pre - D dayd.Ill fated, disastrousB.Soviet asked canada for help to fight germanya.Went to fight at a german porti.Badly executed
ii.No aircoveriii.Underestimated the amount of defense germany would haveiv.Bad weatherv.Came latevi.Bad intelligencevii.Badly plannedC. Underestimated germans29. Group questions30. North AfricaA.Very significant for Italians and Germansa.Suez canal more important to british that british islesb.Loss of britain would have been the loss of suez canalB.Nazi’s tried to access middle east oil -VERY importanta.Go and get to the middle east through north africab.Liberation of north africa was germany and italy surrendingc.C. First place that the allies had a decisive victory31. Invasion of Italy & SicilyA.December 1943: Deadliest battle in the war for CanadaB.Italy was almost occupied by GermanyC. Allied troops in rome and liberated prisonersD. Rome fell 2 days before D dayThe Battle of Ortona helped capture Italy, boots on the ground32. D day - June 6, 1944A.Final outcome of the desire the soviets hadB.Nazi knew they would come but didnt know when or wherea.landed in normandyb.At the widest part of the chanelc.Raid happened in the morningd.Everything that went wrong at dieppe went right heree.Beginning of the end for nazi in europef.MAJOR operation33. Paris LiberatedA.Canada make a sharp turn and liberated the netherlands from nazi occupationa.Canada had nothing to lose from the nazisb.Huge giftc.If you had a canadian flag on your uniform you were treated like royaltyd.Send us tulips every year
34. Conscription Crisis 1944A.Canadians were actually needed for wara.Quebec was like ain't no wayb.Hitler disappears from the face of the earth35. April 1945A.Soviet was winning pushing the nazis back into germanyB.The beginning of the enda.Mussolini & Hitler deadb.Mussolini shot dead then his body got draggedc.Hitler said it aint gonna happen to himC. Soviets were ANGRY at germany and would take it out on berlina.Belinians suicide because they where scaredb.Those who didn't got abused and sexually assaultedD. Hitler marries his girlfriend then shoots himself36. VE day - May 8thA.VE day, Germany signed unconditional surrenderB.War in the pacific was still happening37. Japan refused to surrenderA.All of japan took an oath to protect the emperora.It was unthinkable to surrenderb.A million people would have to die before they surrenderc.America; “For all intents and purposes we have this horrific new weapon”d.If japan doesn’t surrender they would use this ^^ “project manhattan”38. August 6, 1945A.Hiroshima bomba.Killed 70,000 instantlyb.Still lasting effects almost 100 years laterc.First city in history to be attacked by an atomic bombd.“Atomic age”39. USSR declared war on JapanA.Didn’t have the impact on japan that they thought it wouldB.Soviet finally declared war on japan -August 8, 1945a.Japanese held china and japanese held korea40. 40,000 killed in NagasakiA.Second atomic bomba.Made the emperor go on the radiob.“Its going to be ok, i, releasing you from the obligation”
c.Japan surrendered41. VJ DayA.“Victory in japan”B.War comes to final conclusion42. Surrender Tokyo bayA.War end ceremonyB.Japan signed surrender43. U.S.S MissouriA.Ship in which the end of the war was signed in japanB.Brings the war to an end44. The Final Tally…A.Worst war in human historya.Mostly civilians deadb.60,000,000 killedc.Ended the era of the europe colonizersd.Soviet and us fighting for post war influence -> cold war45. Changes to CanadaA.Changed from primary -> secondarya.Factory work was focusb.Opened up the country in every wayc.Canada grew in every wayd.Highest point in global influencee.High ranking middle power46. The endA.47. Group questionsA.48. The Holocaust discoveredA.Most jewish people did not live in germany, they lived in east europeB.War of barbarossa exposed themC. Racial superiorityD. Raise the strongest animals, kill off the weakestE.Hitler called it the final solutiona.Groups of people being targeted for centuries being killedb.Kill people the nazi felt where inferior or undesirable49. What was it?A.Systemic, industrializedB.Everything about mass production used to mass murder people
C. Factories of deatha.Brought victims on trains to mass murder themb.People who were opposite in politics to hitler where the first killed offc.Then the disabled peoplei.Because they are weakii.Anyone who is dependent or not reliable needs to died.Homelesse.Gay men50. What is genocide?A.More people you kill = more moneyB.Kids would hide in porta potties51. Why?A.Scapegoating jews - blame them for something they are innocent fora.Making something complicated into something simpleb.SimplemindedB.Find a group within society that people will targeta.No explainingb.Blaming them for things that aren't their faultC. Why jews?a.Because of 2 thousand years of hatredb.Rivalry - christians believed jesus was the one jews were like nahD. Hitler saida.To achieve master racei.Ethnic origin of germansb.Strengthen the human raceE.Nazia.Did it for the moneyb.If you killed the most people you would get a promotion52. How?A.planned, systematic, industrial killingB.Brought people like they brought materialsC. Use cattle cars to bring in peopleD. 2 groupsa.Killedi.Told people they would go showerii.Showers were gas chambers1.Rat poisoniii.People took the dead bodies and made a pyramid to try to get to the topand surviveiv.Burned dead bodies. Their ashes were used as fertilizer or thrown in theocean
b.Work camps53. Three stagesA.Defamationa.All germans had to boycott jewish businessesb.Did Not work wellc.Some people thought it was sillyd.Hitler kept jews out of government jobsB.Isolationa.Ghetto campsb.Planted the idea that jews were dangerousc.Nurmerberg lawsi.Citizens needed to ethnically match germansii.No citizen non citizen rightsiii.1 grandparent who was jewish, you were jewishC. Eliminationa.Shooting peoplei.Isolated jews, into a forest, strip, shootii.Didn't last longiii.Soldiers were traumatized so they stoppedb.Nazi decided to fasten the processi.Someone got the idea to gas them instead of shootingii.Industrialized mass murderiii.Human psychology was used to mind trick jewsD. Some jews had to do horrible things to survive, like help the nazisE.Survivors made a lifetime commitment to make the holocaust known54. Where?A.These camps took place at the junction of train stationsa.Eastern europeB.Work campsC. Concentration campsD. Death camps55. AuschwitzA.A woman went and got flashbacks from the poison smell56. Nuremberg TrialsA.Allies realized there needed to be de-nazia.Some sort of consequence for what happenedb.New charges born out of holocaust - war crimes, crimes against humanityB.People claimed they were just following the law57. UN declaration of human rights
A.Set a global standarda.Global constitutionB.If gorvernments attacks its own people it doesnt matter if its legal in the country, it has tobe legal globally58. Group questions1.Before war, situations where nazis were more powerful, western allies weaker1.Policy of appeasement - why it happened2.What US was doing/ not doing during interwar period - rise of fascist/nazi powers3.What was going on in canada that was distraction war4.How war in europe began - polish corridor / danzig5.Who made up allies and axis powers6.What blitzkrieg was and why it was so effective7.Canada's response to war breaking out - causes8.Mackenzie king's biggest concerns9.How canada began to prepare for the war10. What canada was doing begging of the war11. What canada did in the war12. How the war changed canada's economy13. Dieppe14. Major battles / events:a.barbarossa, eastern, western, britain, v day north africa invasion of italy15. How japan got into the war issues - hiroshima16. Holocaust17. Answer question in 1-2 double spaced pages based on what we’ve been studying inclass●The world and canada before the war●Policy of appeacment and why it happened●What the us did and didnt do wich led to the fascist of nazi power●How the war became in europe●Who made up the allied and axis powers●Whatblitzkrieg was and why it was so affected●Canadas response to war breaking out○Why it got delayed 2 week○Mackenzies concerns○How canada prepared for the war○What canada did○How the war changed canada socially and economicaly●Dieppe●The major battles we talked about
●Major events of the war○Barbosa○The eastern front○Dday○North africa○Invasion of italy●How japan got into the war○What the issues where○The atomic bomb●The holocaust●Answer a question in 1-2 double spaced pages based on what we stdied in classTerms to knowLeader of italy during ww2-MussoliniWho was Hillary hollow-Emperor of japanWho was Tojo-Prime minister of japanSystem of government that ran italy in WW2-FashionismHatred of jewish people knows as-Anti-semitismThe official policy of the British to deal with nazi aggression-AppeasementWho was franklin Isabell-Us presidentWhat event preoccupied attention of canadians - spring 1933-Royal visitBritish prime minister-ChamberlainLeader of soviet union-StallinCode name for the invasion of the soviet union-BarbossaWhat was the name for the style of war of germany using planes-BlitzkriegBombing of other city's citizens called-The blitzWhat organization did canada send across the world for the war-British commonwealthWhat was the term for the fact that all resources of a nation where used
-Total warFall of poland and Invasion of norway in the west-Phony warWhat was the luftwaffle-The german air forceWhat was the more common name for operation eagle-Battle of britainWhat was the pre war term that Canada and us would share? Equipment for the war-arsenal of democracyWhat role did CD howe play in the WW2-“Organized” the arsenal of democracyWhat is the name of the beach where 307,000 british where transported to france-DieppeThe invasion of what country started the WW2-Poland
Leader of italy during ww2Who was Hillary hollowWho was TojoSystem of government that ran italy in WW2Hatred of jewish people knows asThe official policy of the British to deal with nazi aggressionWho was franklin IsabellWhat event preoccupied attention of canadians - spring 1933British prime ministerLeader of soviet unionCode name for the invasion of the soviet unionWhat was the name for the style of war of germany using planesBombing of other city's citizens calledWhat organization did canada send across the world for the warWhat was the term for the fact that all resources of a nation where usedFall of poland and Invasion of norway in the westWhat was the luftwaffeWhat was the moare common name for operation eagleWhat was the pre war term that Canada and us would ?share? Equipment for the warWhat role did CD howe play in the WW2What is the name of the beach where 307,000 british where transported to franceThe invasion of what country started the WW2●The world and canada before the war●Policy of appeacment and why it happened●What the us did and didnt do wich led to the fascist of nazi power●How the war became in europe●Who made up the allied and axis powers●Whatblitzkrieg was and why it was so affected●Canadas response to war breaking out○Why it got delayed 2 week○Mackenzies concerns○How canada prepared for the war○What canada did○How the war changed canada socially and economicaly●Dieppe●The major battles we talked about●Major events of the war○Barbosa○The eastern front○Dday○North africa○Invasion of italy●How japan got into the war
○What the issues where○The atomic bomb●The holocaust●Answer a question in 1-2 double spaced pages based on what we stdied in classTerms to know1.Why did the Nazi-Soviet pact shock the world?2.What were prevailing attitudes and concerns in Canada before the war?3.What impact did the 1939 Royal Visit have on Canada ?4.Where did WWII actually start in Europe?5.What was Blitzkrieg?6.Describe how Blitzkrieg worked7.Why did Canada wait a week to declare war?8.Why did Canada decide to fight in WWII?9.Describe why Canada was unprepared to fight a war in 1939?10. What was Mackenzie King’s fear at the start of the war?11. What laws were passed when Canada declared war ?12. What branch of the armed forces would be crucial in WWII and why?13. What was the Ogdensburg Agreement?14. What role did C.D. Howe play in the war?15. What evidence is there that Canada became an arsenal of democracy?16. How did the war change Canada's economy?17. What was the BCATP?18. What is Total War?19. How did the Phony War end?20. Why did France fall to the Nazis?21. Why did Hitler “lose” the Battle of Britain?22. What was the Blitz?23. What was Operation Barbarossa?24. What mistakes did Hitler make in Barbarossa?25. Why is the Battle of Stalingrad so important?26. How did the USA get involved in WWII?27. Why did Japan attack the US?28. What happened to Japanese Canadians after Pearl Harbour?29. How did the RCN grow during the war?30. Why was the Battle of the Atlantic so important?31. What was a wolf pack ?32. How did wolf packs work?33. How did the Allies start winning in the Atlantic?34. What were the two most deadly types of service?35. What went wrong at Dieppe?
36. How did authorities justify Dieppe?37. What role did the RCAF play in the war?38. What was controversial about the RCAF’s role?39. Why was the Allied victory in North Africa important?40. What role did Canada play in the Invasion of Italy?41. What was “D Day” and what happened?42. How did the increased demand for troops after D Day cause a political crisis in Canada?43. What did Canadian troops do after D Day?44. When did Germany surrender?45. Where were atomic bombs dropped in August 1945?46. Who declared war on Japan in August 1945?47. How did the war end in the Pacific?48. How did the war change Canada’s economy?49. What is scapegoating?50. Why did Hitler scapegoat Jewish people?51. What was the Final Solution?52. Besides Jewish people, who else was targeted?53. What three steps were involved in the Holocaust ?54. Why is the Holocaust called the worst genocide?55. How did the Nazis “industrialize” murder ?56. What happened at the Nuremberg Trials?57. How has the world tried to prevent genocide?58. In what ways have human rights improved since WWII and how have they not?Spring 1939 royal visit (spring)Aug 1939 nazi - sovietSept 1939 invasion of polandJune 1940 fall of franceJune 1941 barbarossa - stalingradDec 1941 pearl harborMay 1942 britain cracked nazi naval codeJuly 1943 liberated north africaDec 1943 ortonaJune 1944 d day - normandy, utah omaha sword gold juno swordSept 1944 allies entered germanyApril 1945 germany occupiedMay 1945 VE dayAug 1945 VJ dayDec 1948 UN declaration of human rights
Dunkirk - evacuated 300,000 random boats helpedBattle of britain - the blitzDresden - beautiful city flattened (no reason, civilian bombing)Dieppe - pre d day (everything went horribly wrong, almost 5,000 canadians involvedOrtona - deadliest battleNational Resources Mobilization Act ( Economy)War Measures Act ( Security)Prices and Trade Board ( Stop Price Gouging)War Bonds & Income Tax ( financing)Ogdensburg agreementArsenal of democracy - us and can share equipment for warBritish commonwealth trainingPhony warNorway, DenmarkRCN 4th largest in worldConvoy systemNorth africa - suez canal, soft underbelly, strategic axis defeatDefamation, isolation, elimination,