Understanding Motion: Velocity, Acceleration, and Displacement
School
Manual Arts Senior High**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
PHYS 1AB
Subject
Physics
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
15
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FHS APP! Unit 1 Home problem set VERB 2019 Name Section 1 graphs of motion 1. 525-18 The preceding velocity-time graphs represent the motion two cars, Car A and Car B. Justify all answers thoroughly. a. Which car is moving faster at the start of the motion? Explain why? b. Which car ends up farther from its starting point? Explain why?c. Which car experiences a greater magnitude of acceleration? Explain why? d. what are the displacements?
2. 525-18The following questions refer to the .preceding position-time graph, which is the readout of an eastward-pointing motion detector. Justify all answers thoroughly.a. Rank the speed of the object in each of the four labeled regions of the graph, from fastest to slowest. If the object has the same speed in two or more regions, indicate so in your ranking. b. What total distance did the object travel in the 12 s, including all parts of the motion? Must Show all workc. How far from the object's starting point did the object end up after the 12 s?d. Which of the following objects could reasonably perform this motion? i. A baby crawling ii. A sprinter iii. A car on the freewayiv. A jet airplane during takeoffv. An amoeba in a petri dish
Questions 9-11 refer to the velocity versus time graph shown below. 9. bar12The total distance traveled by the object during the indicated 14 s is? 10. bar12The total displacement of the object during the 14 s indicated is?11.bar12The average velocity, in meters per second, of the object is12 bar12What is the total change in velocity for the object whose acceleration versus time graph is given below
19.bar12A particle has the acceleration versus time graph shown above:If the particle begins its motion at t = 0, with v = 0 and x = 0, make a graph of velocity versus time. 29. ster1 Which graph represents a constant non-zero velocity?Section 2 horizontal motion 6. bar12An airplane lands on a runway with a velocity of 150 m/s. How far will it travel until it stops if its rate of deceleration is constant at -3 m/s2?13.bar12An object ha an initial velocity of 15 m/s. How long must it accelerate at a constant rate of 3 m/s2 before its average velocity is equal to twice its initial velocity?
21. A particle is moving in one dimension along the x-axis. The position of the particle is given, for any time, by the following position function:x(t) = 3t2+ 2i. Evaluate the average velocity of the particle starting at t = 2 s for M = 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 second.ii. Interpret the physical meaning of your results for part i. 23.bar12If the average velocity of an object is non-zero, does this mean that the instantaneous velocity of the object can never be zero? Explain.
25bar12Explain how it is possible for an object to have zero average velocity and still have non-zero average speed 28.bar12 A car is moving in a straight line with velocity v. Raindrops are falling vertically downward with a constant terminal velocity u . At what angle does the driver think the drops are hitting the car's windshield? Explain.30. ster1 A train starts from rest and accelerates uniformly, until it has traveled 5.6 km and has acquired a velocity of 42 m/s. The train then moves at a constant velocity of 42 m/s for 420 s. The train then slows down uniformly at 0.065 m/s2until it stops moving. What isthe acceleration during the first 5.6 km of travel?32. ster1The tendency of a moving object to remain in unchanging motion in the absence of an unbalanced force is:
33. ster1 Which statement is correct when an object that is moving in the +x direction undergoes an acceleration of 2 m/s2?a.It travels at 2 m/s b.It decreases its velocity by 2 m/s every secondc.It travels at 2 m/s2d.It increases its velocity by 2 m/s every second36. ster1An 8.7 hour trip is made at an average speed of73 km/h. If the first third of the journey was driven at 96.5 km/h, what was the average speed for the rest of the trip? 39. ster1 What is the resultant vector AB when vector A= 6 m and points 30° North of East, while vector B = 4 m and points 30° South of West?40. ster1 How much farther would an intoxicated driver's car travel before he hits the brakes than a sober driver's car if both cars are initially traveling at 49 mi/h, and the sober driver takes 0.33 s to hit the brakes while the intoxicated driver takes 1 s to hit the brakes?
Section 3 vertical motion 3. 525-18 A ball is dropped from rest near Earth. Neglect air resistance. Justify all answers thoroughly. a. About how far will the ball fall in 3 s? b. The same ball is dropped from rest by an astronaut on the moon, where the free-fall acceleration is one-sixth that on Earth. In 3 s, will the ball on the moon fall:i. One-sixth as far as the ball on Earth . ii. One-36thas farastheball onEarthiii. The same distance as the ball on Earthiv. Six times as far· as the ball on Earth v. Thirty-six times as far as the ball on Earth 5. bar12 A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. How long will the ball take to reach its maximum height? 7. bar12A ball is thrown downward from the top of a roof with a speed of 25 m/s. After 2 s, its velocity will be
8. bar12A rocket is propelled upward with an acceleration of 25 m/ s2 for 5 s. After that time, the engine is shut off, and the rocket continues to move upward. The maximum height, in meters, that the rocket will reach is 20.bar12A stone is dropped from a 75-m-high building. When this stone has dropped 15 m, a second stone is thrown downward with an initial velocity such that the two stones hit the ground at the same time. What was the initial velocity of the second stone?
22.bar12A stone is dropped from a height h and falls the last half of its distance in 4 seconds. i. What was the total time of fall?ii. From what height was the stone dropped?24.bar12A girl standing on top of a roof throws a stone into the air with a velocity +v. She then throws a similar stone directly downward ·with a velocity - v. Compare the velocities of both stones when they reach the ground.
31. ster1A cannon ball is fired straight up at 50 m/s. Ignoring air resistance, what is the velocity at the highest point it reaches before starting to return towards Earth?34. ster1 What is the increase in speed each second for a freely falling object?43. ster1 Which of the following statements about the direction of velocity and acceleration is correct for a ball that is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, and falls to its initial height? a. Its velocity changes from upward to downward and its acceleration points downwardb. Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upwardc. Both its velocity and its acceleration point downwardd. Both its velocity and its acceleration point upwardsection 4 projectile motion: 4 525-18 Four projectiles, A, B, C, and D, were launched from and returned to level ground. The preceding data table shows the initial horizontal speed, initial vertical speed, and time of flight for each projectile. Justify all answers thoroughly.a. Rank the projectiles by the horizontal distance traveled while in the air.
b. Rank the projectiles by the maximum vertical height reached. c. Rank the projectiles by the magnitude of their acceleration while in the air. 14. bar12A projectile is launched at an angle of 45° with a velocity of 250 m/s. If air resistance is neglected, the magnitude of the horizontal velocity of the projectile at the time it reaches maximum altitude is equal to15. bar12A projectile is launched horizontally with a velocity of 25 m/s from the top of a 75-m height. How many seconds will the projectile take to reach the bottom?16.bar12At a launch angle of 45°, the range of a launched projectile is given by
17.bar12A projectile is launched at a certain angle. After 4 s, it hits the top of a building 500 m away. The height of the building is 50 m. The projectile was launched at an angle of 26.bar12A mass attached to a string is twirled overhead in a horizontal circle of radius R every 0.3 s. The path is directly 0.5 m above the ground. When released, the mass lands 2.6 m away. What was the velocity of the mass when it was released and what was the radius of the circular path? 27. bar12A football quarterback throws a pass to a receiver at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizontal and at an initial velocity of 25 m/s. The receiver is initially at rest 30 m from the quarterback. The instant the ball is thrown, the receiver runs at a constant velocity to catch the pass. In what direction and at what speed should he run?
)38. ster1 If a cat jumps at a 60° angle off the ground with an initial velocity of2.74 m/s, what is the highest point of the cat's trajectory? (Use acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2)41. ster1 A projectile is fired at time t = 0 s from point 0 at the edge of a cliff with initial velocity components of vox=80 m/s and v0y= 800 m/s. The projectile rises, then falls into the sea at point P.The time of flight of the projectile is 200 s. What is the height of the cliff? (Use acceleration due to gravity g = 10 m/s2
Section 5 relative motion and miscelanous; 18. bar12 The operator of a boat wishes to cross a 5-km-wide river that is flowing to the east at 10 m/s. He wishes to reach the exact point on the opposite shore 15 min after starting. With what speed and in what direction should the boat travel?35. ster1A marble is initially rolling up a slight incline at 0.2 m/s and starting at t = 0 s, decelerates uniformly at 0.05 m/s2• At what time does the marble come to a stop? 37. ster1 The lightning flash and the thunder are not observed simultaneously because light travels much faster than sound, therefore it can be assumed as instantaneous when the lightning occurs. What is the distance from the lightning bolt to the observer, if the delay between the sound and lightning flash is 6 s? (Use speed of sound in air v = 340 m/s)42. ster1 Which of the following is a unit that can be used for a measure of weight? A. kilogram B. kg·m/s C. Newton D. milligram