Key Study Objectives for BIOL 150 Lab Exam: Enzymes &
School
University of the District of Columbia**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
BIOL 102C
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
2
Uploaded by DeanRoseEel55
BIOL 150 STUDY OBJECTIVES FOR LAB EXAM 2 Enzyme lab- 1.Starch is the substrate that is hydrolyzed to maltose. DNS is the coloring agent that is initially yellow and as the maltose concentration increases, the color changes to orange to brown)The enzyme is amylase – human, bacterial and fungal. 2.explain the relationship between amount of maltose produced and the activity of amylase.3.Optimal conditions for pH and temperature what does it indicate?4.What happens to enzyme activity when the conditions are below or above optimal?5.Determine concentration of maltose in an enzymatic assay from the maltose standard curve,Photosynthesis1.Relationship between intensity of light and rate of photosynthesis 2.Calculate the rate of photosynthesis – formula3.Separation of pigments – chromatography4.Rf calculation – formula5.Factors that determine the movement of pigment molecules in chromatography. – affinity for paper, size of pigment molecule, solubility in solvent.6.Absorption spectrum, which color of light is absorbed the most and best for photosynthesis, which color is absorbed the least, color of plant.7.What are the reactants and products in photosynthesis?MITOTIC CELL DIVISION1. describe the events that characterize the 4 stages of the cell cycle;2. describe the behavior of the chromosomes during the 4 phases of mitosis;3. recognize the various phases of mitosis in representative plant and animal cells;4. recognize metaphase chromosome arrangements from both lateral and polar views;5. distinguish between the mechanisms of cytokinesis of plant and animal cells.GENETIC INHERITANCE PROBLEMSUpon the completion of this exercise the student should be able to successfully solve thefollowing types of genetics inheritance problems:1. Monohybrid cross2. Dihybrid cross3. Crosses involving genes located on the X chromosome (X-linked)
PCR LAB1.PCR: Denaturation, annealing, extension- explain what these steps are2.Gel Electrophoresis; Use of Ladder or marker in electrophoresis3.Restriction endonucleases, importance of palindromes 4.Type of enzyme in PCR, compare PCR to DNA replication.5.Source of enzyme in PCR.6.RT PCR and its link to COVID 19.7.Sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, normal, genotypes for each.8.How is HbA different from HbS?9.What does the mutation do to the hemoglobin?10.DNA ability to move on a gel depends on negativity (due to phosphate group), size, larger fragments are not able to move through the gel around the agarose particles as easily s smaller particles can, so band nearer to the sample loading area is larger compared to the ones mower on the gels.11.What are the three steps in PCR and what is the significance of each?12. What are the four ingredients needed for PCR to be done successfully?-(primers, DNA template, Taq polymerase and NTPs)13.How do you determine how many copies of DNA can be made after 20 PCR cycles? : 2n(n = 20 in this example)14. What is the relationship between size of DNA and distance migrated on the gel?15.Number of times DNA is cut by restriction endonucleases and number of DNA fragments obtained and expected to see on agarose gel. (PCR product – only one fragment, one restriction cut results in two fragments and so on.)