Enhancing Population Health: Quality, Access, and Outcomes

School

King Abdulaziz University**We aren't endorsed by this school

Course

Q UALITY

Subject

Nursing

Date

Dec 10, 2024

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Uploaded by AgentSnailMaster927

Population Health QualityPrepared by: Fares AlhosinySupervised by: Dr. Waleed Kattan

OutlinesoDefining Population Health in the Context of Quality oImportance of Quality in Population Health oFactors Influencing the Health of a Population oAddressing Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) oThe Quadruple Aim oHealthy People 2030 oValue-Based Healthcare oStrategies for Improving Health Outcomes at the Population Level oSummary

Defining Population Health in the Context of Quality

Quality in Population HealthDefinition of Quality in Population Health: Ensuring optimal, equitable, and sustainable health outcomes for groups (Wilcock, & Hocking, 2024). Quality Benchmarks: Access to healthcare, efficiency, patient satisfaction, and health equity.Wilcock, A., & Hocking, C. (2024). An occupational perspective of health. Taylor & Francis.

Importance of Quality in Population HealthEnsures equitable accessReduces healthcare disparitiesLowers healthcare costsImproves life expectancy

Comparing Population Health to IndividualIndividual Health: Focuses on personal health needs, one-on-one clinical care (Arah, 2009). Population Health: Focuseson collective health outcomes, group-level interventions, and policies.Key Distinctions: Scope (individual vs. group), approach (personalized care vs. public health), and goals (treatment vs. prevention).Arah O. A. (2009). On the relationship between individual and population health. Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 12(3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-008-9173-8

Factors Influencing the Health of a Population

1-Access to CareChallenges: Geographic, financial, and systemic barriers that prevent equitable healthcare access.Impact: Poor access can lead to late diagnoses, higher mortality rates, and preventable hospitalizations (Johnston, 2019). Solutions: Community clinics, mobile healthcare units, and telemedicine.Johnston, K. J., Wen, H., & Joynt Maddox, K. E. (2019). Lack Of Access To Specialists Associated With Mortality And Preventable Hospitalizations Of Rural Medicare Beneficiaries. Health affairs (Project Hope), 38(12), 1993–2002. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00838

2-Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic Status (SES): Definition: Income, education, and occupation’s role in determining access to resources and health outcomes.Impact: Lower SES often correlates with higher rates of chronic illness, limited access to preventive services, and overall poorer health (Hardman, et al.,2020). Examples: Limited access to nutritious food, higher stress levels, and reduced access to quality healthcare.Hardman, R., Begg, S., & Spelten, E. (2020). What impact do chronic disease self-management support interventions have on health inequity gaps related to socioeconomic status: a systematic review. BMC health services research, 20, 1-15.

3-Behavioral Factors – Impact of Lifestyle on Health• Diet• Physical activity• Substance use• Smoking.Examples• Healthy behaviors (e.g., regular exercise, balanced diet) reduce the risk of chronic diseases, whereas negative behaviors contribute to health issues (Wilson, et al., 2025)Impact• Public health campaigns to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce risk behaviors.Preventive FocusWilson, D. K., Sweeney, A. M., & Zarrett, N. (2025). Behavioral risk and protective factors: Evidence, models, and interventions.

4-Genetic Factors – Influence on Health OutcomesGenetic Predispositions: Certain populations may have higher susceptibility to diseases like diabetes, cancer, or heart disease due to genetics (Kapila, 2021). Influence on Health: Genetic factors can interact with lifestyle and environmental conditions to affect overall health.Preventive Approach: Early screening and lifestyle interventions for at-risk populations.Kapila, Y. L. (2021). Oral health’s inextricable connection to systemic health: Special populations bring to bear multimodal relationships and factors connecting periodontal disease to systemic diseases and conditions. Periodontology 2000, 87(1), 11-16.

5-Environmental Factors – Influence on Health OutcomesEnvironmental Factors:Examples: Air quality, water contamination, housing conditions, and climate.Impact: Poor environmental conditions lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and overall health deterioration in communities (Münzel, et al., 2022). Key Insight: Environmental health interventions (e.g., reducing air pollution) can greatly improve population health outcomes.Münzel, T., Hahad, O., Sørensen, M., Lelieveld, J., Duerr, G. D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., & Daiber, A. (2022). Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive expert review. Cardiovascular research, 118(14), 2880-2902.

6- Community and Social SupportSocialDeterminants: Family support, social networks, community services, and mental health resources.ImpactonHealth: Strong social support improves mental well-being, reduces stress, and can lead to better health outcomes (Haugan, & Eriksson, 2021). Haugan, G., & Eriksson, M. (2021). Health promotion in health care–vital theories and research.

Addressing Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Introduction to Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)Social determinants of health (SDOH) :- are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. These conditions affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes.SDOHhave a significant impact on health outcomes and contribute to health disparities, particularly among underserved populations.Garcia, R. (2022). Social determinants of health. A population health approach to health disparities for nurses: Care of vulnerable populations, 105-130.

Key Areas and Impact of SDOHEconomic StabilityEducation Access and QualityHealthcare Access and QualityEmployment, income, and financial resources that can impact health behaviors and access to care.The level of education influences health literacy, job opportunities, and overall well-being (Raghupathi, & Raghupathi, 2020). Access to quality healthcare services, insurance coverage, and preventative care.Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2020). The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015. Archives of Public Health, 78, 1-18.

Higher income vs lower income oIncome: oHigher income = better healthcare access; olower income = limited care, delayed diagnoses, poorer health outcomes (Friedman, 2021).Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2020). The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015. Archives of Public Health, 78, 1-18.

The Quadruple Aim

Introduction to the Quadruple AimPurpose• The Quadruple Aim is a framework to optimize healthcare performance by improving patient experience, population health, reducing costs, and enhancing provider work-life balance.Components• Enhancing Patient Experience• Improving Population Health• Reducing Costs• Provider Work-Life Balance

1- Enhancing Patient ExperienceDefinition: Patient experience includes aspects like satisfaction, quality of care, and engagement.Measurement: Patient feedback surveys, quality metrics, and service ratings are common tools.Goal: To deliver care that is patient-centred and meets individual needs.Oben, P. (2020). Understanding the patient experience: a conceptual framework. Journal of patient experience, 7(6), 906-910.

2- Improving Population HealthStrategies• Focus on preventive care• Chronic disease management• Health promotion.Examples• Community health programs• Vaccination campaigns• ScreeningsOutcome• Reduced disease burden• Healthier populations

3- Reducing CostsEconomicImplications• Reducing costsimproves system sustainability and accessibility.Benefits• Lowers financial barriers for patients and allocates resources more effectively.Approaches• Preventative care• Streamlined processes• Efficient resource use.

4- Provider Work-BalanceImportance: Reduces burnout, improves job satisfaction, and enhances quality of care (Ayar, et al., 2022). Challenges: High workload, emotional strain, and administrative burdens.Solutions: Support systems, mental health resources, and manageable caseloads.Ayar, D., Karaman, M. A., & Karaman, R. (2022). Work-Life balance and mental health needs of health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 639-655.

Healthy People 2030

Goal Framework: Healthy People 2030 aims to set a foundation for improved national health by addressing critical health priorities (Pronk, et al., 2021). Key Focus Areas:Targets include health promotion, prevention of chronic diseases, and reducing health disparities.Long-Term Vision: The initiative envisions a society where people achieve their full health potential.Overview of Healthy People 2030Pronk, N., Kleinman, D. V., Goekler, S. F., Ochiai, E., Blakey, C., & Brewer, K. H. (2021). Promoting health and well-being in healthy people 2030. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 27(Supplement 6), S242-S248.

Vision 2030 Overview in Healthcare§Vision 2030 represents Saudi Arabia's ambitious strategy to diversify the economy and enhance the quality of life for its citizens, with healthcare as a key pillar (Alasiri, & Mohammed, 2022).§The initiative aims to shift from a treatment-centric system to a preventative, value-based healthcare model, focusing on sustainability, access, and equity.§It emphasizes fostering partnerships between the public and private sectors to enhance service delivery and efficiency.Zajacova, A., & Lawrence, E. M. (2018). The Relationship Between Education and Health: Reducing Disparities Through a Contextual Approach. Annual review of public health, 39, 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628

Health Sector Transformation Program§This program aligns with Vision 2030 by targeting improvements in health outcomes, reducing disparities, and enhancing patient satisfaction (Chowdhury, et al., 2021). §Strategic initiatives include:§Expanding telemedicine and digital healthcare services such as the Seha Virtual Hospital, which offers specialized care to underserved regions.§Establishing health clusters across the Kingdom to decentralize healthcare and improve access.§Promoting the adoption of integrated healthcare systems to streamline patient journeys.Chowdhury, S., Mok, D., & Leenen, L. (2021). Transformation of health care and the new model of care in Saudi Arabia: Kingdom’s Vision 2030. Journal of Medicine and Life, 14(3), 347.

Addressing Population Health Needs§Vision 2030 recognizes the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH), such as income, education, and living conditions (Alkhamis, & Miraj, 2021). §Programs such as "Live Well" focus on reducing chronic disease prevalence through health education, lifestyle modification campaigns, and preventive care.§Enhancing health literacy and increasing access to quality care, especially in rural and underserved areas, are central to reducing health disparities.Alkhamis, A., & Miraj, S. A. (2021). Access to health care in Saudi Arabia: development in the context of vision 2030. In Handbook of healthcare in the Arab world (pp. 1629-1660). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Value Based Healthcare

Definition of Value based HealthcareoCore Concept: Value-based healthcare focuses on achieving high-quality outcomes and efficiency, aiming for better health results per dollar spent (Nojszewska, & Sielska, 2022).oPatient-Centered Focus: Shifts focus from quantity of procedures to patient needs and outcome improvements.oGoals of Value-Based Care: Seeks to reduce healthcare costs, enhance patient satisfaction, and improve public health overall.Nojszewska, E., & Sielska, A. (2022). Value Based Healthcare (VBHC) as a Tool for Achieving Clinical Effectiveness. In Economics and Mathematical Modeling in Health-Related Research (pp. 104-120). Brill.

Benefits of Value based HealthcareoImproved Health Outcomes: Patients receive preventive care and better chronic disease management, leading to healthier populations.oCost Efficiency: Reduces healthcare spending by minimizing unnecessary treatments and hospitalizations.oIncreased Patient Satisfaction: Patients receive more personalized, coordinated care, enhancing their overall experience.oIncentivizes Preventive Care: Providers focus on long-term health outcomes, promoting preventive measures over reactive treatments.

Strategies for Improving Health Outcomes at the Population Level

1-Preventive Care InitiativesoVaccination Programs: Reduce incidence of contagious diseases and improve overall community health.oScreening Services: Early detection of diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes) helps in timely intervention and treatment.oHealth Education: Educates the population on risk factors, self-care, and lifestyle changes to prevent chronic conditions.oBehavioral Health Programs: Focus on mental health and substance abuse prevention, supporting both individual and public health.

2-Community Heath ProgramsoMobile Health Clinics: Extend healthcare access to underserved areas, improving equity in health services.oCommunity Outreach and Education: Raises awareness about preventive care, available resources, and healthy lifestyle practices.oPartnerships with Local Organizations: Collaborate with schools, workplaces, and NGOs to expand health program reach.oNutrition and Physical Activity Initiatives: Programs to improve diet and encourage physical activity, reducing chronic disease rates.McNeill, L. H., Harris, C. L., Adams, T. R., Salazar, B. R., Roberson, C. L., Thompson, L. B., ... & Reitzel, L. R. (2024). Community Outreach, Engagement, and Mentoring Program for Underrepresented Scholars in Cancer Health Disparities. Journal of Cancer Education, 1-7.

3-Data Analytics in HealthcareoPredictive Analytics: Identifies at-risk populations and helps in creating targeted interventions.oTracking Health Outcomes: Measures the impact of health initiatives on population health metrics over time.oResource Allocation: Directs resources effectively to areas of highest need based on data insights.Khanra, S., Dhir, A., Islam, A. N., & Mäntymäki, M. (2020). Big data analytics in healthcare: a systematic literature review. Enterprise Information Systems, 14(7), 878-912.

Summaries

SummariesoUnderstanding Population Health Quality: Defined population health and explored its importance in enhancing community health.oInfluencing Factors and SDOH: Reviewed environmental, socioeconomic, and social determinants that impact health outcomes.oQuadruple Aim and Healthy People 2030: Covered goals for enhancing care quality, reducing costs, improving health, and supporting healthcare providers.oValue-Based Healthcare and Strategies for Improvement: Discussed value-based care benefits and community-focused strategies to boost health outcomes.